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. 2020 Apr 28;11:719. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00719

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Copyright © 2020 Joachim, Ahmed, Pollakis, Rogers, Hoffmann, Munseri, Aboud, Lyamuya, Bakari, Robb, Wahren, Sandstrom, Nilsson, Biberfeld, Geldmacher and Held.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boosting after 3 years with a 3rd MVA-CMDR significantly restores diminished immune responses to all 3 IDRs. The absolute maximum FI of each vaccinee to all variants (86 for HXB2 aa163, 36 for HXB2 aa304, and 21 for HXB2 aa580) corresponding to the respective HIV-1 Env position (A) IDR1_V2, (B) IDR2_V3, and (C) IDR3_gp41 is given without subtraction of the baseline response. Each dot represents one vaccinee. Statistical analysis of changes in the anti-Env IgG response against each IDR over all time points analyzed was conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test. To showcase antibody-responses of selected individual vaccinees over time and IDRs, we highlighted vaccinees that exhibited high maximum FI 4 weeks post 2nd MVA-CMDR by assigning a unique color to them. All other vaccinees were assigned black dots.