Figure 9.

Kaempferol promotes VEGF-induced migration of macrophages via VEGFR1 phosphorylation. (A) RAW264.7 cells at 60 × 10⁴ cells/well were seed onto a 12-well plate. A wounded monocyte cell monolayer was created manually at the center of wells, and images representing wound recovery were captured at 0 and 24 h, separately, under a phase-contrast microscope. Macrophages were incubated with VEGF, with or without kaempferol. The recovery of wound is measured by the cell occupant per unit area. Data are demonstrated as mean ± SEM of the percentage of change as compared to control group. Bar = 100 μm. (B) Macrophages were plated into a 12-well plate at 60 × 10⁴ cells per well. The cells were treated with VEGF (5 ng/ml) with or without kaempferol. An inhibitor for VEGFR1 (SU5416 at 50 μM) was used. Data are expressed as X Basal, where the control was set as 1. All data are in mean ± SEM, where n = 3; p < 0.05 8p < 0.01 **p < 0.001 (***) vs VEGF-treated group or indicated.