Table 1.
Overview of clinical and laboratory features, and treatment (Tx) details of patients with multiple visceral leishmaniasis protozoan disease relapses, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2012-2016.⁎
| Patient No. | No. of episodes | No. of episodes with fever | Pretreatment CD4 count (cells/µL) | CD4 change with Tx (cells/µL) | Median No. of WBC change with Tx (cells/µL) | HCT change with Tx (%) | Tx used at the site† | Median No. of courses of treatment | Duration between episodes (mo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | 0 | 137 (114 to 148) | 120 (60 to 164) | 1100 | 1.7 (–3.5 to 4.6) | SSG; A/M; (A, SSG/PM); (SSG, A); (A, A/M); A/M; (P, A/M) | 2 | 5 (3 to 6.5) |
| 2 | 4 | 0 | 57 (57-57) | 23 (23- 23) | 400 | 11.9 (9.3-23.0) | (SSG, A/M); A/M; (A/M, A) | 2 | 8 (6.5 to 9.0) |
| 3 | 8 | 4 | 137 (105 to 180) | 79 (35 to 130) | 2450 | 2.25 (–1.9 to –6.5) | SSG; (A, SSG, A/M); (A, A/M); A/M; (A/M, SSG); A/M; P | 2 | 5 (3.2 to 9.7) |
| 4 | 9 | 3 | 48 (40 to 56) | Uk | –900 | –9.15 (–12 to –5) | (A, A/M, SSG/A); (A/M, SSG); (A/M/SSG); (A/M, P) | 3 | 8 (6.7 to 9.5) |
| 5 | 5 | 1 | Uk | Uk | 5500 | 7.3 (7.3 to 7.3) | (SSG, A); A/M | 1.6 | 7 (5.3 to 7.8) |
| 6 | 5 | 4 | 48 (36 to 55) | 11 (–32 to –31) | 1300 | 4.6 (–5.3 to –7.5) | (SSG, A/M); A; (A/M, A)(A, A/M); A/M | 2 | 3 (3.0) |
| 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 (4 to 7) | 22 (9 to 32) | 1300 | 3.4 (–8.6 to 9.7) | SSG/PM; A/M; A/M; A/M | 1 | 3 (3.0 to 4.0) |
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 69 (64 to 72) | 94 (82 to 180) | 1500 | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.0) | A/M; A/M; A/M; (A/M, SSG) | 2 | 1 (0.7 to 1.7) |
| 9 | 8 | 3 | 91 (46 to 96) | 79 (53 to 105) | 2700 | –10.4 (–24.3 to –4) | A/M; (A/M, SSG); SSG | 2 | 5 (4.5 to 6.0) |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | 123 (88 to 126) | 85(73 to 86) | 1200 | 1.4 (–4 to 1.7) | A/M; A/M; A/M | 2 | 3 (1.5 to 3.5) |
| 11 | 5 | 2 | 94 (81 to 94) | 67 (45 to 146) | 1500 | 0.1 (–1.1 to 0.5) | (A, A/M); A/M; SSG | 3 | 3 (1.5 to 3.5) |
| 12 | 3 | 3 | 115 (74 to 124) | 196 (139 to 230) | 1000 | 6.3 (5.7 to 8.3) | A; A/M; A/M | 1 | 7 (3.5 to 10.0) |
A = Liposomal amphotericin B; LRTC = Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center; M = miltefosine; P = pentamidine; PM = paromomycin; SSG = sodium stibogluconate; Uk = unknown.
Unless otherwise noted, values are presented as median (interquartile range).
Tx given for each episode is separated by a semi-colon and if more than 1 Tx regimen was given during an episode, these are grouped by parenthesis. For example, SSG; A/M; (A, SSG/PM); refers to a patient who received SSG during the first episode, A/miltefosine during the second episode, and was treated during the third episode with A monotherapy, followed by Tx with SSG/PM combination therapy.