Table 2.
Mothers of children younger than 24 months, at public and private health facilities, who received free BMS sample, recommendations to use BMS, and exposure to publicity in the previous 6 months; health provider contact with BMS manufacturers and Code awarenessa
| Public | Private | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage | 95% CI | Percentage | 95% CI | Percentage | 95% CI | P valueb | |
| Receiving free samples of BMSc (n = 688) | 10.0 | [6.4, 15.2] | 14.8 | [8.6, 2.4] | 11.1 | [7.8, 15.6] | 0.08 |
| Receiving coupons of BMS (n = 687) | 1.5 | [0.7, 3.1] | 1.7 | [0.4, 6.6] | 1.6 | [0.8, 3.0] | 0.82 |
| Receiving gift of articles or utensils that may promote the use of BMS (n = 688) | 7.6 | [5.3, 10.9] | 11.3 | [6.5, 18.9] | 8.5 | [6.2, 11.7] | 0.29 |
| Seeing promotions/messages of BMS within the health care facility (n = 686) | 3.1 | [1.94, 4.82] | 4.2 | [1.8, 9.2] | 3.3 | [2.2, 4.9] | 0.15 |
| Seeing promotions of BMS in mass media (n = 689) | 79.8 | [74.6, 84.1] | 86.9 | [75.6, 93.4] | 81.5 | [76.9, 85.4] | 0.04 |
| Receiving recommendations about the use of BMS for their children in the last 6 months (n = 689) | 48.4 | [44.6, 52.3] | 40.7 | [32.7, 49.2] | 46.5 | [42.9, 50.3] | 0.14 |
| Receiving recommendations about the use of other beverages and foods for their children (n = 689) | 56.0 | [49.3, 62.5] | 46.4 | [39.0, 54.0] | 53.7 | [48.1, 59.1] | 0.03 |
| Health providers | n = 29 | n = 19 | n = 48 | ||||
| Type of health providers contacted by BMS manufacturer (number of health providers)d | 0.156 | ||||||
| Administrator | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Director | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Physician | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| No specified | ‐ | ‐ | 1 | ||||
| Total of number of contacts by BMS manufacturers | n = 1 | n = 10 | n = 11 | N/A | |||
| Via telephone | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Via e‐mail | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Via visit at health facility | 1 | 8 | 9 | ||||
| (n = 28) | (n = 13) | (n = 41) | |||||
| Knowledge about the Code | 41.3 | [24.6, 60.3] | 42.1 | [22.0, 65.1] | 41.6 | [28.2, 56.4] | 0.96 |
| Knowledge about national strategies to implement the Code | 55.1 | [36.4, 72.5] | 57.8 | [38.4, 75.2] | 56.2 | [43.5, 71.7] | 0.83 |
Percentage and 95% confidence intervals (CI) or as specified.
χ 2 test. Percentages comparing public versus private health facilities.
Breast milk substitutes (BMS): Comprises breast milk substitutes, including infant formula, follow‐up formula, and growing‐up formula; other milk products, foods, and beverages, including bottle‐fed complementary foods, when marketed or otherwise represented to be suitable, with or without modification, for use as a partial or total replacement of breast milk; and feeding bottles and teats.
Only seven health providers specified BMS manufacturer name, representing ~15.5% of the sample.