Table 2.

Primary and secondary outcomes and relevant findings of the included studies

Author(s), and Year	Primary Outcomes	Secondary Outcomes	Summary of Findings
Anitasari & Andrajati, 2017	•Intake of iron supplements by pregnant women measured by MMAS‐8 score	•Haemoglobin (Hb) level (g/dL)	•Low adherence to iron supplementation as measured by MMAS‐8 score (>2): SMS group: 76.3% of women before intervention; 71.1% of women after interventionLeaflet group: 66.7% of women before intervention; 58.3% of women after intervention •High adherence to iron supplementation as measured by MMAS‐8 score (=0): SMS group: 5.3% of women before intervention; 7.9% of women after the intervention Leaflet group: 13.9% of women before intervention; 16.7% of women after intervention •Percentage of women with Hb level ≥11 g/dL: SMS group: 47.22% before intervention; 52.78% after intervention Leaflet group: 55.26% before intervention; 57.69% after intervention •Percent of women with Hb level of 10.9 g/dL–10.0 g/dL: SMS intervention: 36.11% before intervention; 22.22% after intervention Leaflet intervention: 23.68% before intervention; 28.95% after intervention
Bangal et al., 2017	•Percentage of pregnant women who received prophylactic iron and calcium tablets for minimum 3 months	•Total weight gain during pregnancy (kg) •Birth weight of baby •Need for parenteral and blood transfusion •Attended four antenatal visits	•Iron and calcium supplementation for more than 3 months: Intervention group 81%; control group 69% (chi square test p < 0.0001) •Satisfactory weight gain (>10 kg): Intervention group 35.00%; control group 25.00% •Anaemia: Intervention group 36%; control group 45% (chi square test p = 0.0119) •Need for blood transfusion: intervention group 0%; control group 3.00% •Need for parenteral iron therapy: Intervention group 2%; control group 5% •The proportion of low birth weight babies: Intervention group 30%; control group 35% •Antenatal visits (≤4): Intervention group 42.5%, control group 76.5% (chi square test p < 0.0001)
Fedha, 2014	•Percentage of pregnant women who received prophylactic iron and/or vitamin supplements •Percentage of pregnant women who received dietary counselling	•Number of antenatal visits attended •Percentage of intra‐uterine fetal deaths •Percentage of neonatal deaths •Percentage of infants that cried after birth (e.g., immediately, after 5 min, after 10 min)	•Receive vitamin supplements: Intervention group 39.8%; control group 23.8% (p = 0.001) •Receive iron supplements: Intervention group 91.6%; control group 87.4% (p = 0.170) •Receive diet counselling: intervention group 95%; control group 89.3% (p = 0.027) •Attend less than 4 antenatal visits: intervention group 3.6%; control group 9.7% •Intra uterine fetal death: Intervention group 1%, control group 1.5% (p = 0.715) •Neonatal deaths: Intervention group 1%, control group 3.4% (p = 0.269)the proportion of infants who cried immediately at birth: Intervention group 97.4% and control group 95.6% (p = 0.765).
Pai et al., 2013	•Adherence to taking iron supplements	•Hb level (g/dL)	•Average Hb levels decreased slightly (by 0.10 g/dL) in the control group but increased (by 0.32 g/dL) in the intervention group. •Taking into account the difference of the differences Hb levels of the intervention group improved by 0.43 g/dL (95% CI = −0.13–0.98) more than the control group (p = 0.13).

Note. SMS: short message service.