. 2019 Feb 6;15(2):e12777. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12777

Table 3.

Quality assessment of mobile health interventions aimed at improving nutrients intake of pregnant women in low and lower middle income countries

	Anitasari & Andrajati, 2017	Bangal et al., 2017	Fedha, 2014	Pai et al., 2013
Relevance questions
1 Would implementing the studied intervention or procedure (if found successful) results in improved outcomes for the patients/clients/population group?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2 Did the authors study an outcome (dependent variable) or topic that the patients/clients/population group would care about?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3 Is the focus of the intervention or procedure (independent variable) or topic of study a common issue of concern to dietetics practice?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4 Is the intervention or procedure feasible?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Validity questions
1 Was the research question clearly stated?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2 Was the selection of study subjects/patients free from bias?	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
3 Were study groups comparable?	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes
4 Was the method of handling withdrawals described?	No	No	Yes	Yes
5 Was blinding used to prevent introduction of bias?	No	Unclear	Unclear	Yes
6 Were intervention/therapeutic regimens/exposure factor or procedure and any comparison(s) described in detail? Were intervening factors described?	Unclear	Yes	No	Yes
7 Were outcomes clearly defined and the measurements valid and reliable?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
8 Was the statistical analysis appropriate for the study design and type of outcome indicators?	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes
9 Were conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration?	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes
10 Is bias due to study's funding or sponsorship unlikely?	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Unclear
Quality rating	Neutral	Neutral	+	+

Rating (+, −, neutral)

If most (six or more) of the answers to the validity questions are “no,” the report should be designated with a minus (−) symbol on the Evidence Worksheet. If the answers to validity criteria Questions 2, 3, 6, and 7 do not indicate that the study is exceptionally strong, the report should be rated as neutral on the Evidence Worksheet. If most of the answers to the above validity questions are “Yes” (including Criteria 2, 3, 6, 7, and at least one additional “yes”), the report should be designated with a plus symbol (+) on the Evidence Worksheet.