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. 2020 Apr 20;3(1):e18398. doi: 10.2196/18398

Table 2.

Quantitative outcomes at baseline, end of study, and follow-up.

Outcome Baseline, mean (SD) Change at end of study Change at 1-month follow-up


Mean (95% CI) P value Mean (95% CI) P value
Social support

Total score 27.6 (3.9) +0.3 (–1.1 to 1.8) .61 +0.6 (–1.1 to 2.2) .49

Interaction subscale 9.1 (1.9) -0.03 (–0.6 to 0.6) .91 +0.1 (–0.7 to 0.9) .78

Support subscale 18.5 (2.9) +0.4 (–0.8 to 1.5) .53 +0.4 (–0.7 to 1.6) .43
Attitudes toward technology 13.5 (14.3) +3.9 (–2.4 to 10.3) .22 +10.1 (3.6 to 16.6) .004
Loneliness 31. 9 (5.9) +1.2 (–0.4 to 2.9) .13 a
Quality of life 40.4 (9.8) +0.6 (–2.5 to 3.8) .68
Social isolation 16.0 (5.8) +0.1 (–1.6 to 1.9) .87

aNot measured.