Table 2.
Summary of activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm patterns used in this study.
| Categorya and pattern | Description | |
| Activity | ||
|
|
M10 | Average activity for the 10 most active hours |
|
|
M10 time | Start time of 10 most active hours |
|
|
L5 | Average activity for the 5 least active hours |
|
|
L5 time | Start time of 5 least active hours |
|
|
RA | Relative amplitude of most and least active hours |
|
|
MDA | Mean diurnal activity (rise time to bed time) |
|
|
MNA | Mean nocturnal activity |
|
|
MA | Mean activity with diurnal and nocturnal components |
|
|
Diurnal skewness | Skewness of the probability distribution of diurnal activity |
|
|
Percentiles diurnal activity | 5, 25, 50, 75, 95 percentiles of diurnal activity |
|
|
% nocturnal activity (% NA) | Ratio of nocturnal activity over sum 24-hour activity |
|
|
IS1 | Interday stability using 1-hour windows |
|
|
IS2 | Interday stability using 1-hour windows with 30-min overlap |
|
|
IV1 | Intraday variability (24 hours) |
|
|
IV2 | Intraday variability (1440 min) |
|
|
IV3 | Intraday variability (24 hours with 30-min overlap) |
|
|
Activity TKEO diurnal | Computing the diurnal activity variability using the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) |
|
|
Activity ratio TKEO | Ratio of diurnal activity variability against overall activity variability evaluated using TKEO |
|
|
Activity RMSSD | Computing the diurnal activity variability using the root mean squared successive differences (RMSSD) |
|
|
Activity ratio RMSSD | Ratio of diurnal activity variability against overall activity variability evaluated using RMSSD |
|
|
CMSE | Composite multiscale entropy, evaluating the complexity of the time series at 5, 30, 60, 120 min |
| Sleep | ||
|
|
Sleep onset | Time starting sleep |
|
|
Sleep offset | Wake up time |
|
|
Sleep duration | Duration of main (nocturnal) sleep |
|
|
Number wake-up | Number of wake-up periods during sleep |
|
|
Wake after sleep onset (WASO) minutes | Minutes awake interrupting sleep |
|
|
Sleep entropy | Entropy of the activity during sleep (variability of activity during sleep) |
|
|
Percentiles sleep activity | 5, 25, 50, 75, 95 percentiles of activity during sleep |
|
|
Awakenings total minutes | Total number of minutes awakenings lasted for each automatically detected nocturnal sleep |
| Circadian rhythm | ||
|
|
Sleep temperature zenith | Maximum temperature during sleep |
|
|
Sleep temperature zenith time | Time of maximum temperature during sleep |
|
|
Sleep temperature nadir | Minimum temperature during sleep |
|
|
Sleep temperature nadir time | Time of minimum temperature during sleep |
|
|
Sleep temperature range | Range of temperature during sleep |
|
|
Sleep onset phase | Successive differences in sleep onset timing |
|
|
Sleep offset phase | Successive differences in sleep offset timing |
|
|
Cosinor: MESOR | Cosinor model: average measure of rhythm |
|
|
Cosinor: Amplitude | Cosinor model: amplitude of fitted sinusoid |
|
|
Cosinor: Phase | Cosinor model: phase of fitted sinusoid |
aFor algorithmic details, see Multimedia Appendix 1. Overall, we have 49 extracted patterns (counting the percentiles and the CMSE entries separately). We remark that the categorization of the patterns into the three groups (activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm) is for reporting convenience.