Table 4.

Imaging characteristics^a

	Vitamin D Deficient	Vitamin D Sufficient	p value (Univariate analysis)	Vitamin D Deficiency Effect Estimate (SE)d	p value (Multivariable regression)
nb	549	970
% emphysema	5.80 (8.33)	7.33 (9.48)	0.002	0.76 (0.49)	0.12
15th percentile of lung density histogram (+ 1000 HU)	85.70 (32.25)	76.81 (28.45)	< 0.001	−2.1 (1.42)	0.14
% gas trapping	21.47 (18.76)	24.99 (19.20)	0.002	1.81 (1.05)	0.085
Segmental airway wall thickness	1.08 (0.23)	1.05 (0.22)	0.019	0.027 (0.012)	0.021
Pi10c	2.44 (0.63)	2.37 (0.59)	0.053	0.058 (0.036)	0.11
Segmental wall area %	52.03 (8.65)	51.07 (8.21)	0.040	0.81 (0.48)	0.092
Change in % emphysema	0.88 (3.87)	0.56 (4.21)	0.17	0.36 (0.25)	0.16
Change in % gas trapping	3.44 (9.89)	2.01 (9.09)	0.024	0.73 (0.64)	0.26
Change in segmental airway wall thickness	−0.00 (0.13)	0.01 (0.11)	0.12	−0.0052 (0.0077)	0.50

Mean (SD) or N(%) are shown

^aEach row represents the outcome of a separate regression model

^bCT scan data was available for 1519 subjects

^csquare root of wall area of hypothetical airway with 10 mm internal perimeter

^dCovariates in linear regression models include age, race, gender, BMI, current smoking status, and scanner model