| 21.1 Standard DBT (DBT) vs client‐centred therapy (CCT) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.1.1 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.75 [‐4.42, ‐1.08] |
| 21.1.2 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐7.75 [‐14.66, ‐0.84] |
| 21.1.3 Secondary: anger (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.00 [‐1.98, ‐0.02] |
| 21.1.4 Secondary: impulsivity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.50 [‐2.60, ‐0.40] |
| 21.1.5 Secondary: dissociation and psychotic‐like symptoms (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐7.16 [‐12.15, ‐2.17] |
| 21.1.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐9.16 [‐14.79, ‐3.53] |
| 21.2 DBT vs CCT, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.3 Standard DBT (DBT) vs good psychiatric management (GPM) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.3.1 Primary: BPD severity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.23 [‐1.97, 1.51] |
| 21.3.2 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐8.58 [‐19.38, 2.22] |
| 21.3.3 Secondary: anger (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.15 [‐1.65, 1.35] |
| 21.3.4 Secondary: interpersonal problems (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.34 [‐15.36, 12.68] |
| 21.3.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.65 [‐7.18, 1.88] |
| 21.4 DBT vs GPM, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.5 Standard DBT (DBT) vs individual DBT therapy + activities group (DBT‐I) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.5.1 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐10.40 [‐22.99, 2.19] |
| 21.5.2 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐8.10 [‐19.59, 3.39] |
| 21.5.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.50 [‐1.37, 2.37] |
| 21.5.4 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.60 [‐2.79, ‐0.41] |
| 21.5.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐5.90 [‐9.74, ‐2.06] |
| 21.5.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.30 [‐3.10, 5.70] |
| 21.6 DBT vs DBT‐I, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.7 Standard DBT (DBT) vs skills training group + individual case management (DBT‐S) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.7.1 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.30 [‐8.42, 9.02] |
| 21.7.2 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.50 [‐9.04, 6.04] |
| 21.7.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.80 [‐1.06, 2.66] |
| 21.7.4 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.50 [‐0.02, 1.02] |
| 21.7.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.90 [‐1.60, 5.40] |
| 21.7.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.30 [‐0.90, 7.50] |
| 21.8 DBT vs DBT‐S, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.9 Standard DBT (DBT) vs step‐down DBT (DBT‐SD) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.9.1 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
38 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.83 [‐11.21, 5.55] |
| 21.9.2 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
38 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.10 [‐4.07, 12.27] |
| 21.9.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
38 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.30 [‐0.73, 1.33] |
| 21.9.4 Secondary: anger (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.53 [‐1.48, 0.43] |
| 21.9.5 Secondary: affective instability (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.71 [‐2.51, 1.09] |
| 21.9.6 Secondary: chronic feeling of emptiness (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.18 [‐1.68, 2.04] |
| 21.9.7 Secondary: impulsivity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.24 [‐0.26, 0.75] |
| 21.9.8 Secondary: interpersonal problems (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.31 [‐2.05, ‐0.57] |
| 21.9.9 Secondary: abandonment (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.11 [‐2.14, ‐0.08] |
| 21.9.10 Secondary: dissociation and psychotic‐like symptoms (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.44 [‐1.56, 0.68] |
| 21.10 DBT vs DBT‐SD, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
1 |
84 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.37 [0.17, 0.78] |
| 21.11 Standard DBT (DBT) vs DBT Prolonged Exposure (PE) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.11.1 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐1.86, 2.06] |
| 21.11.2 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐1.09, 0.49] |
| 21.11.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 21.11.4 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 21.11.5 Primary: psychosocial functioning (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.27 [‐2.06, 12.60] |
| 21.11.6 Primary: psychosocial functioning (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.00 [‐6.27, 10.27] |
| 21.11.7 Secondary: interpersonal problems (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.14 [‐0.42, 0.70] |
| 21.11.8 Secondary: interpersonal problems (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.19 [‐0.48, 0.86] |
| 21.11.9 Secondary: dissociation or psychotic‐like symptoms (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.60 [‐9.24, 18.44] |
| 21.11.10 Secondary: dissociation or psychotic‐like symptoms (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.00 [‐9.46, 21.46] |
| 21.11.11 Secondary: depression (continuous), end of treatment |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.70 [‐3.19, 10.59] |
| 21.11.12 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.30 [‐1.08, 9.68] |
| 21.12 DBT vs DBT‐PE, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.13 DBT skills group + case management (DBT‐S) vs DBT individual therapy + activity group (DBT‐I) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.13.1 Primary: self‐harm (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐10.70 [‐22.47, 1.07] |
| 21.13.2 Primary: self‐harming behaviour (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐6.60 [‐19.72, 6.52] |
| 21.13.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐1.72, 1.12] |
| 21.13.4 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.10 [‐3.21, ‐0.99] |
| 21.13.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐7.80 [‐11.27, ‐4.33] |
| 21.13.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.00 [‐6.44, 2.44] |
| 21.14 DBT‐S vs DBT‐I, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at 6‐12 months follow‐up |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.15 DBT skills group (DBT‐S) vs cognitive therapy group (CT‐G) (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.15.1 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.26 [‐0.13, 0.65] |
| 21.15.2 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.96 [‐1.15, ‐0.77] |
| 21.15.3 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.46 [‐2.47, 3.39] |
| 21.15.4 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.69 [‐4.89, ‐0.49] |
| 21.15.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐2.12 [‐5.25, 1.01] |
| 21.15.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up |
1 |
82 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.60 [‐5.07, 1.87] |
| 21.16 DBT‐S vs CT‐G, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.17 DBT skills group (DBT‐S) vs schema‐focused therapy group (SFT‐G) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.17.1 Primary: suicide‐related outcomes (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.92 [‐0.36, 2.20] |
| 21.17.2 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.33 [2.57, 6.09] |
| 21.18 DBT mindfulness group (DBT‐M) vs DBT interpersonal effectiveness group (DBT‐IE) (continuous) |
2 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.18.1 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment |
2 |
113 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.45 [‐1.47, 0.58] |
| 21.18.2 Secondary: impulsivity (continuous), at end of treatment |
2 |
91 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.77, 0.06] |
| 21.19 DBT‐M vs DBT‐IE, secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment |
2 |
134 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.86 [1.07, 3.23] |
| 21.20 DBT mindfulness group (DBT‐M) vs loving‐kindness and compassion meditation (LK/CM), primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
