Comparison 23. Schema‐focused therapy (SFT) vs active treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
23.1 SFT vs TFP. Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
23.2 SFT vs TFP. Secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
23.3 SFT vs SFT + therapist availability (TA). Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
23.4 SFT vs SFT + TA. Secondary: attrition (dichotomous), 0‐6 months follow‐up	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only