Comparison 24. Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving‐based psychoeducation (STEPPS‐PE) vs cognitive rehabilitation (CR).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
24.1 STEPPS‐PE vs CR	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
24.1.1 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at end of treatment	1	46	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.67 [‐6.52, ‐0.82]
24.1.2 Primary: BPD symptom severity (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.68 [1.42, 7.94]
24.1.3 Secondary: impulsivity (continuous), at end of treatment	1	46	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.99 [0.06, 3.92]
24.1.4 Secondary: impulsivity (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.92 [7.38, 12.46]
24.1.5 Secondary: depression (continuous), at end of treatment	1	48	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.58 [‐3.62, ‐1.54]
24.1.6 Secondary: depression (continuous), at 0‐6 months follow‐up	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐10.11 [‐11.35, ‐8.87]
24.2 STEPPS‐PE vs CR. Secondary: attrition (dichotomous), at end of treatment	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only