Turner 2000.

Study characteristics
Methods	12‐month trial with two arms Dialectical behavior therapy ‐ oriented treatment (DBT) Client‐centered therapy (CCT) Duration of trial: 12 months Country: USA Setting: outpatient
Participants	Methods of recruitment of participants: not stated Sample size: 24 Diagnosis of borderline personality disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition revised (DSM‐III‐R) Means of assessment: Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R) Mean age: 22 years Sex: 79.2% female Comorbidity: 23 patients met criteria for a comorbid Axis I disorder. The majority was diagnosed with dysthymia + comorbid generalised anxiety disorder (n = 17). 3 patients met criteria for major depressive disorder, 3 met criteria for dysthymia, 18 met criteria for alcohol abuse, and 20 met criteria for substance abuse. Most patients (n = 18) met criteria for 2 additional personality disorders. Inclusion criteria Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder Exclusion criteria Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder Bipolar disorder Organic mental disorders Mental retardation
Interventions	Experimental group Treatment name: DBT Number randomised to group: 12 Duration: 12 months Control/comparison group Comparison name: client‐centered therapy (CCT) Number randomised to group: 12 Duration: 12 months Both groups Concomitant psychotherapy: not stated Concomitant pharmacotherapy: pharmacotherapy was not included in the study treatment regimens; at baseline, 19 patients were out of 24 reported taking prescribed psychotropic medications. Proportions of participants taking standing psychotropic medication during trial observation period: At post‐treatment, 4 DBT patients and 10 CCT patients were taking any medication, difference not significant.
Outcomes	Primary Suicidal ideation, assessed by Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation Parasuicidality, assessed by Target Behaviour Rating (TBR) ‐ frequency of parasuicide Secondary Anger, assessed by TBR ‐ anger Impulsivity, assessed by TBR ‐ impulsiveness Depression, assessed by Beck depression Inventory Dissociative/psychotic symptoms, assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
Notes	Sample size calculation: not stated Ethics approval: not stated Comments from review authors: none
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Following the initial assessments, patients were randomly assigned to either DBT or CCT." (p 415) Comment: no further details provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Next, patients were sequentially assigned to a mental health clinician." (p 415) Comment: no further details provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The outcome evaluation consisted of independent assessor ratings and patient self‐report. The independent assessor was unaware of the patients' treatment condition but was aware of the purpose of the study." (p 415)
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: 24 participants were randomly assigned to either DBT (n = 12) or CCT (n = 12). In spite of dropouts from treatment (DBT: n = 4, CCT: n = 6), assessments were available for all 24 participants at all times of assessment.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no indication of selective reporting, but Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'high' or 'low' risk of bias
Other bias	Unclear risk	Comment: no further details