TABLE 5.

Simulated specific growth rate of three scenarios

Simulation	μ5/μ0d
	First lineage	Second lineage
1a	1.20	0.86
2b	1.95	1.15
3c	2.57	1.91
Observed	4.93	3.35

^aPopulations were defined as minor populations when frequency in a population was less than 10%. Population frequency positively correlated with specific growth rate for minor subpopulations.

^bA major population was found at 80% frequency. Positive correlation between frequency and specific growth rate was assumed, similar to simulation 1.

^cPopulations of less than 5% decreased the specific growth rate of a minor population due to competition for survival, while populations of more than 5% increased the rate because of relatively higher frequency.

^dThe ratio of specific growth rate for populations passed five times under a stronger bottleneck than that of the initial population.