Liver injury is associated with oxidative stress in RHDV-infected livers. (A) Effects of RHDV on blood chemistry (AST, ALT, LDH, T-Bil, and ALP are shown) at indicated time points postinfection were detected. The values are expressed in comparison to the control (0 h). (B) Liver tissues were harvested from RHDV-infected rabbits for antigen detection. Immunohistochemical staining with specific MAb 1B8 against RHDV was used for antigen detection. The antigens are shown by arrows. (C) RHDV relative mRNA expression levels were detected. (D and E) The biochemical markers (GSH, GSSG, GSSG/GSH, and MDA are shown) of liver oxidative stress were detected at different time points. (F and G) Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, GPx and SOD1, were measured at different times postinfection. (H) Intracellular ROS generation was detected at indicated times using DHE, a nonfluorescent cell-permeative compound, as a probe.