Table 1.

Standard first- and second-line ART regimens in Botswana at the time of the study.

First-line regimen	First-line modifications	Second-line regimen	Second-line modifications
AZT + 3TC (CBV) + EFV	TDF renal toxicity without CVD risk: ABC/3TC/DTG (If rash: consult HIV specialist)	TDF + FTC + ALU	AZT anemia and/or TDF renal toxicity: ABC/3TC/DTG
AZT + 3TC + NVP
AZT + DDI + EFV
AZT + DDI + NVP
	CNS toxicity and/or Hepatic toxicity: TRU/DTG
TDF + FTC (or 3TC) + EFV		CBV + ALU	If anemic ABC + 3TC + ALU
TDF + FTC (or 3TC)+NVP
D4T + 3TC + EFV		TDF + FTC = ALU	If renal insufficiency but no anemia: CBV + ALU
D4T + 3TC + NVP
DDI + 3TC + EFV
DDI + 3TC + NVP			If renal insufficiency and anemia: ABC + 3TC + ALU

AZT = zidozudine; 3TC = lamivudine; EFV = efavirenz; CNS = central nervous system; CBV = combivir; DDI = didanosine; NVP = nevirapine; DTG = dolutegravir; TRU = truvada; ABC = abacavir; TDF = tenofovir; FTC = emtricitabine, and ALU = aluvia. The third-line regimen comprised other alternative combination or salvage therapy. This was deployed in case of failure of both the standard first- and second-line regimens.