Figure 2.

The regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of MTHFD2 in cancer. The gene expression of MTHFD2 is transcriptionally regulated by various transcriptional factors and post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. Extracellular stimuli may modulate MTHFD2 expression via mTORC1/ATF4 signaling pathway. The canonical role of MTHFD2 is converting one-carbon units for de novo purine synthesis. It may also involve in the production of redox equivalent (NADPH) for oxidative stress defense. In the nucleus, this enzyme may play a role in DNA replication, RNA processing and translation.