N=473,026 at enrollment for NO and NOx models, N=440,193 for PM models. N=19,518 at follow-up. IDTR = log Inverse distance to road; TI = log Traffic Intensity. Air pollutants are scaled such that a one unit increase represents a one inter-quartile range increase, although inverse distance to road and traffic density are logged. All models controlled for race/ethnicity, age, assessment centre, Townsend Deprivation Index, education, genetic risk score for BMI, noise, and sex. BMI, WHR, and Body Fat percentage are modeled as inverse normalized variables. Associations with measures at follow-up additionally controlled for the relevant body composition measure at enrollment.