Table 1.
Classification of human coronaviruses.
| Strain | Discovery | Genera-Lineage | Cellular Receptor | Natural Host | Intermediate Host | Respiratory Symptom |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HcoV-229E | 1966 | α | Aminopeptidase N (CD13) | Bats | Camelids | Mild |
| HcoV-OC43 | 1967 | β-A | 9-O-Acetylated sialic acid (SA) | Rodents | Cattle | Mild |
| SARS-CoV | 2003 | β-B | ACE2 | Bats | Masked palm civets | Severe acute |
| HcoV-NL63 | 2004 | α | ACE2 | Bats | Unknown | Mild |
| HcoV-HKU1 | 2005 | β-A | 9-O-Acetylated sialic acid (SA) | Rodents | Unknown | Mild |
| MERS-CoV | 2012 | β-C | DPP4 | Bats | Dromedary camels | Severe acute |
| SARS-CoV-2 | 2019 | β-B | ACE2 | Bats | Pangolin? | Severe acute |