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. 2020 May 5;142:109809. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109809

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© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 1 — Beta-adrenergic blockers effect on RAAS and COVID-19. A) Beta-adrenergic blockers by its inhibitory action on the sympathetic system decrease the renin release by Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the Kidney. A decrease in renin may reduce the activity in both arms and may decrease ACE2 receptors. B) Decreased ACE2 receptors will affect the SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry and thereby reduce the viral infectivity. Beta-adrenergic blockers have been shown to reduce the mortality rate in ARDS, septic shock and respiratory failure. Beta-adrenergic blockers will be beneficial in COVID-19 patients in two ways, by reducing the SARS-CoV-2 virus cellular entry and by reducing the complications like ARDS, Septic shock and respiratory failure in severe cases.