Table 6.

Predictors of violence against healthcare workers in basic health units and private clinics who experienced violence (n=628)

	Any form of violence		Physical violence		Verbal violence
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age
18–29 (n=163)	1		1		1
30–44 (n=312)	1.21 (0.70 to 2.11)	0.479	1.66 (0.48 to 5.67)	0.419	1.16 (0.64 to 2.11)	0.609
45 and above (n=153)	1.85 (0.88 to 3.87)	0.102	0.32 (0.04 to 2.33)	0.261	2.72 (1.21 to 6.09)	0.015
Work experience
1–4 years (n=219)	1		1
5–9 years (n=149)	1.03 (0.59 to 1.78)	0.907	1.06 (0.34 to 3.29)	0.917	1
10 years and above (n=260)	1.04 (0.57 to 1.90)	0.882	1.48 (0.44 to 4.99)	0.523	0.85 (0.47 to 1.55)	0.614
Gender
Male (n=497)	1		1		1
Female (n=131)	1.38 (0.86 to 2.19)	0.172	0.77 (0.36 to 2.27)	0.642	1.38 (0.84 to 2.19)	0.198
Province
Punjab (n=163)	1		1		1
Sindh (n=300)	0.86 (0.49 to 1.30)	0.379	0.56 (0.19 to 1.67)	0.301	0.91 (0.53 to 1.54)	0.729
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n=165)	1.43 (0.86 to 2.39)	0.16	0.87 (0.30 to 2.47)	0.795	1.48 (0.85 to 2.58)	0.166
Type of workplace
Private clinic (n=293)	1		1		1
Basic health unit (n=335)	2.55 (1.66 to 3.91)	<0.001	2.25 (0.83 to 6.12)	0.109	2.22 (1.39 to 3.55)	0.001
Job title
Support staff (n=113)	1		1		1
Doctor (393)	1.04 (0.62 to 1.74)	0.881	1.28 (0.44 to 3.70)	0.648	1.17 (0.65 to 2.10)	0.594
Nurse (n=62)	1.37 (0.59 to 3.16)	0.459	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)	Not applicable	1.97 (0.79 to 4.86)	0.141
Technician (n=60)	0.96 (0.46 to 2.02)	0.926	0.32 (0.03 to 2.90)	0.313	1.31 (0.58 to 2.94)	0.514