Table 2.
Herbal medicines based on the above active components.
| Monomers | Medicinal plants | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Crocin | Crocus sativus L., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. | Pham et al., 2000 |
| Embelin | Embelia ribes Burm. F.,Oxalis acetosella L.,Lysimachia punctata L. | Lu H. et al., 2016 |
| Parthenolide | Tanacetum parthenium. | Ghantous et al., 2013 |
| Oleuropein |
Olea europaea L.,Syringa pubescens Turcz.,Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara., Syringa dilatata,Syringa oblata Lindl,Osmanthus cymosus,Ligustrum vulgare,Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Fraxinus excelsior Linn., Fraxinus ornus Linn., Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., Fraxinus americana Linn., Chionanthus virginicus L., Fraxinus angustifolia, Phillyrea angustifolia L.,Phillyrea latifolia L. |
Hassen et al., 2015 |
| Wogonoside | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. | Sun et al., 2016 |
| Oroxylin A | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.,Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu.,Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Capparis spinosa L,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. | Lu L. et al., 2016 |
| Baicalein | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. | Kim D. H. et al., 2013 |
| Silibinin | Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. | Zheng et al., 2018 |
| Nobiletin | Citrus tangerina,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,Citrus aurantium L. | Li et al., 2014 |
| Curcumin | Curcuma longa L.,Curcuma mangga,Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.,Costus speciosus,Curcuma xanthorrhiza,Curcuma aromatica Salisb.,Curcuma phaeocaulis,Etlingera elatior, Zingiber cassumunar. | Aggarwal et al., 2007 |
| Resveratrol | Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim.) Loes. F.,Cassia sp.,Polygonum Cuspidatum,Arachis hypogaea Linn., Eucalyptus robusta Smith,Vitis vinifera L.,Morus alba L.,Picea sp.,Vaccinum sp.,c,Artocarpus sp.,Rheum rhaponticum L.,Reynoutria japonica Houtt.,Gnetum montanum Markgr., Bauhinia purpurea L., Pinus sylvestris L., Veratrum sp. | Huang et al., 2019 |
| Celastrol | Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F,Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch,.Tripterygium regelii Sprague et Takeda. | Kim H. J. et al., 2013; Venkatesha et al., 2016 |
| Pristimerin | Maytenus ilicifolia,Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv.) Warb.ex Loes., Salacia oliveriana,Maytenus Heterophylla,Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell.,Triterpygium wilfordii Hook F. | Kim H. J. et al., 2013 |
| Triptolide | Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch. | Zhang C. et al., 2017 |