TABLE 2.
Electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy recordings, and perceptual responses during exercise for the ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham condition (SHAM) as well as the time-matched IPC trial corresponding to the SHAM exercise duration (IPCtm).
| Parameter | Condition | Baseline | Time (% of total exercise duration) | |||
| 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | |||
| Whole sample | ||||||
| Q RMS⋅M–1 | ||||||
| IPC | 0.0380.007 | 0.0390.007 | 0.0400.008 | 0.0450.008 | 0.0540.012 | |
| SHAM | 0.0340.006 | 0.0350.006 | 0.0360.006 | 0.0410.005 | 0.0470.006 | |
| SmO2 (%) | ||||||
| IPC | 75.49.3 | 55.126.2 | 45.528.5 | 32.924.4 | 23.521.5 | |
| SHAM | 75.68.5 | 51.620.7 | 39.023.4 | 28.919.3 | 17.414.1 | |
| THb (g⋅dL–1) | ||||||
| IPC | 12.750.31 | 12.750.36 | 12.760.39 | 12.780.45 | 12.820.44 | |
| SHAM | 12.790.36 | 12.800.48 | 12.840.50 | 12.870.50 | 12.920.49 | |
| Effort | ||||||
| IPC | − | 13.62.0 | 16.71.8 | 18.80.9 | 19.60.8 | |
| SHAM | − | 13.61.6 | 17.21.9 | 19.10.9 | 19.80.4 | |
| Leg muscle pain | ||||||
| IPC | − | 3.41.6 | 6.32.1 | 9.02.2 | 10.02.3 | |
| SHAM | − | 3.31.8 | 6.52.3 | 8.91.4 | 10.63.1 | |
| Responders | ||||||
| Q RMS⋅M–1 | ||||||
| IPC | 0.0370.007 | 0.0370.007 | 0.0390.007 | 0.0420.007 | 0.0480.005 | |
| SHAM | 0.0350.004 | 0.0360.004 | 0.0370.004 | 0.0400.003 | 0.0450.004 | |
| IPCtm | 0.0380.010 | 0.0390.010 | 0.0400.009 | 0.0440.009 | 0.0510.008 | |
| SmO2 (%) | ||||||
| IPC | 84.63.8 | 68.214.4 | 54.722.7 | 47.419.9 | 40.422.0 | |
| SHAM | 84.25.3 | 69.59.4 | 55.620.0 | 42.515.5 | 29.913.8 | |
| IPCtm | 79.17.2 | 63.15.6 | 53.814.6 | 41.820.6 | 32.723.7 | |
| THb (g⋅dL–1) | ||||||
| IPC | 12.590.33 | 12.520.39 | 12.540.47 | 12.520.54 | 12.570.55 | |
| SHAM | 12.620.35 | 12.510.49 | 12.570.59 | 12.620.64 | 12.660.59 | |
| IPCtm | 12.530.25 | 12.510.28 | 12.540.32 | 12.550.33 | 12.570.35 | |
| Effort | ||||||
| IPC | − | 13.02.0 | 16.82.3 | 18.71.1 | 19.21.1 | |
| SHAM | − | 13.31.7 | 17.52.2 | 19.30.7 | 19.80.4 | |
| IPCtm | − | 13.51.4 | 16.32.4 | 18.71.6 | 19.21.1 | |
| Leg muscle pain | ||||||
| IPC | − | 3.50.8 | 6.51.9 | 9.30.5 | 9.80.4 | |
| SHAM | − | 3.41.2 | 6.52.1 | 9.01.2 | 9.51.1 | |
| IPCtm | − | 3.20.7 | 5.82.2 | 8.31.8 | 9.21.9 | |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Q RMS⋅M–1, averaged root mean square of the electromyography signal normalized to the corresponding maximal M-wave of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis; SmO2, muscle oxygen saturation; THb, total hemoglobin.