Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to clinical and virological outcome of 1061 patients treated with HCQ+AZ ≥ 3 days at IHU Méditerranée infection Marseille, France with day 0 between March 3 and March 31, 2020.
| Poor virological outcomea |
Good outcome |
Poor clinical outcomea,b |
Total |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Group size | 47 (4.4%) | 973 (91.7%) | 46 (4.3%) | 1061 (100%) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 47.9 (17.5) | 42.4 (14.7) | 69.2 (14.0) | 43.6 (15.6) |
| Median [Min-Max] | 48.0 [18.0–89.0]* | 42.0 [14.0–86.0] | 69.0 [31.0–95.0]*** | 43.0 [14.0–95.0] |
| Male | 19 (40.4%) | 450 (46.3%) | 23 (50%) | 492 (46.4) |
| Chronic condition(s) and treatment(s) | ||||
| Chronic conditions | ||||
| Cancer | 0 (0.0%) | 21 (2.2%) | 7 (15.2%)*** | 28 (2.6%) |
| Diabetes | 3 (6.4%) | 66 (6.8%) | 9 (19.6%)*** | 78 (7.4%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (4.3%) | 36 (3.7%) | 9 (19.6%)*** | 46 (4.3%) |
| Hypertension | 8 (17%) | 120 (12.3%) | 23 (50.0%)*** | 149 (14%) |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 8 (17%) | 96 (9.9%) | 8 (17.4%) | 111 (10.5%) |
| Obesity | 1 (2.1%) | 57 (5.9%) | 4 (8.7%) | 62 (5.8%) |
| Comedication(s) | ||||
| Biguanides (metformin) | 1 (2.1%) | 15 (1.5%) | 4 (8.7%)** | 20 (1.9%) |
| Selective beta blocking agents | 6 (12.8%)** | 22 (2.3%) | 9 (19.6%)*** | 34 (3.2%) |
| Dihydropyridine derivatives | 3 (6.4%) | 23 (2.4%) | 8 (17.4%)*** | 34 (3.2%) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 6 (12.8%)** | 22 (2.3%) | 14 (30.4%)*** | 40 (3.8%) |
| HMG CoA reductase | 4 (8.5%) | 28 (2.9%) | 7 (15.2%)*** | 38 (3.6%) |
| Diuretics | 2 (4.3%) | 28 (2.9%) | 5 (10.9%)* | 35 (3.3%) |
| Time between onset of symptoms and first day of treatment start (days)c | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.3 (2.5) | 6.5 (3.9) | 5.9 (4.0) | 6.4 (3.8) |
| Median [Min-Max] | 4.0 [0.0–9.0]*** | 6.0 [0.0–27.0] | 5.0 [0.0–16.0]*** | 6.0 [0.0–27.0] |
| Clinical classification (NEWS score) | ||||
| 0–4 (low) | 43 (91.5%)* | 948 (97.4%) | 19 (41.3%)*** | 1008 (95.0%) |
| 5–6 (medium) | 2 (4.3%) | 14 (1.4%) | 10 (21.7%) | 25 (2.4%) |
| ≥ 7 (high) | 2 (4.3%) | 11 (1.1%) | 17 (37.0%) | 28 (2.6%) |
| Low-dose pulmonary CT-scanner within 72 h of admissiond | ||||
| Normal | 11/37 (29.7%) | 231/642 (36.0%) | 4/39 (10.3%)*** | 245/714 (34.3%) |
| Minimal | 23/37 (62.2%) | 277/642 (43.2%) | 10/39 (25.6%) | 307/714 (43.0%) |
| Intermediate | 3/37 (8.1%) | 123/642 (19.2%) | 20/39 (51.3%) | 146/714 (20.5%) |
| Severe | 0/37 (0.0%) | 11/642 (1.7%) | 5/39 (12.8%) | 16/714 (2.2%) |
| Viral load at inclusion (Ct - nasal)e | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 23.4 (5.1) | 26.8 (4.9) | 25.6 (4.8) | 26.6 (5.0) |
| Median [Min-Max] | 22.1 [14.8–34.0]*** | 27.3 [12.8–34.0] | 25.8 [15.0–33.2] | 27.0 [12.8–34.0] |
| Hydroxychloroquine levels at day 2 (μg/mL)f | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.17) | 0.26 (0.16) | 0.20 (0.17) | 0.25 (0.16) |
| Median [Min-Max] | 0.19 [0.07–0.70] | 0.22 [0.00–1.01] | 0.15 [0.00–0.75]** | 0.21 [0.00–1.01] |
| Number ≤ 0.1 μg/mL | 4/24 (16.7%) | 15/206 (7.3%) | 12/37 (32.4%)*** | 30/263 (11.4%) |
Poor virological outcome (PVirO): viral shedding persistence at day 10; Poor clinical outcome (PClinO): either death or transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) or hospitalization for 10 days or more; Good outcome: individuals who belonged neither to the PClinO group nor the PVirO group. SD: standard deviation. aFive patients belonged to both the PVirO and PClinO outcome so the sum of frequencies may be above 1061. bIncluding 8 deaths. cData available for 928 patients (56 patients who did not declare any symptom before treatment start were excluded and 77 with missing data), dfor 714 patients, efor 992 patients and ffor 263 patients. On low-dose pulmonary CT-scanner, patients were classified as normal (lack of lung involvement (ground glass opacities, consolidation or crazy paving pattern); minimal involvement (subtle ground glass opacities); intermediate involvement (less than 50% of segment involvement in no more than 5 segments) and severe involvement (involvement of more than 5 segments). The denominator was mentioned when the result was not available for all patients. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Fisher's exact test, Student t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney where appropriate; reference group is good outcome).