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. 2020 Apr 23;11(1):365–380. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1749487

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Impacts of each pr1 deletion on the virulence of B. bassiana. (a, b) Survival trends of G. mellonella larvae after topical application (immersion) of a 10⁷ conidia/ml suspension for normal cuticle infection and LT₅₀ estimates as virulence indices of all tested strains estimated from time-morality trends. The asterisked Δpr1 LT₅₀ s differ significantly from those of the corresponding control strains unmarked (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). (c) LT₅₀ estimates of all tested strains against G. mellonella larvae inoculated by intrahaemocoel injection of ~500 conidia per larva for cuticle¯bypassing infection (see Figure S4 for survival trends of injected larvae). Note no significant variability among the LT₅₀ s of all tested strains. Error bars: SD from three replicates.