TABLE 4.
Comparison of frequency of fluctuation symptoms in MFCS and language symptoms in HAICDDS-Language between groups with FOSSQ + and FOSSQ – adjusted for age and disease severity according to CDR.
| Mean ± SD |
Non-adjusted |
Adjusted |
||||
| FOSSQ + | FOSSQ − | t | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| N | 85 | 581 | ||||
| MFCS | ||||||
| Disorganized speech | 37 (43.5) | 34 (5.9) | 110.52 | <0.001 | 5.74 (3.17–10.41) | <0.001 |
| Drowsy/lethargic | 57 (67.1) | 156 (26.9) | 55.11 | <0.001 | 3.39 (1.99–5.77) | <0.001 |
| Sleep > 2 h | 63 (74.1) | 121 (20.8) | 105.32 | <0.001 | 6.68 (3.77–11.82) | <0.001 |
| Staring into space | 57 (67.1) | 73 (12.6) | 140.17 | <0.001 | 7.88 (4.41–14.08) | <0.001 |
| MFCS total score | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 15.69 | <0.001 | 3.12 (2.38–4.10) | <0.001 |
| HAICDDS-Language | ||||||
| L1 | 60 (70.6) | 173 (29.8) | 87.76 | <0.001 | 3.09 (1.78–5.37) | <0.001 |
| L2 | 68 (80.0) | 199 (34.3) | 96.55 | <0.001 | 3.01 (1.54–5.90) | 0.001 |
| L3 | 54 (63.5) | 140 (24.1) | 91.10 | <0.001 | 2.38 (1.35–4.19) | 0.003 |
| L4 | 21 (24.7) | 22 (3.8) | 60.31 | <0.001 | 4.70 (2.37–9.56) | <0.001 |
| L5 | 59 (69.4) | 155 (26.7) | 62.10 | <0.001 | 2.65 (1.48–4.77) | 0.001 |
| L6 | 61 (71.8) | 198 (34.1) | 74.68 | <0.001 | 2.87 (1.66–4.96) | <0.001 |
| L7 | 2 (2.4) | 6 (1.0) | 0.89 | NS | 3.33 (0.56–19.64) | NS |
| L8 | 28 (32.9) | 30 (5.2) | 71.97 | <0.001 | 4.96 (2.62–9.38) | <0.001 |
| Language total score | 6.0 (3.2) | 1.9 (2.4) | 13.57 | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.30–1.61) | <0.001 |
MFCS, Mayo Fluctuation Composite Score; HAICDDS-Language; Language subscale in the History-based Artificial Intelligent Clinical Dementia Diagnostic System; FOSSQ, Freezing of Speech Single Questionnaire; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale; N, number of cases; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; OR, odds ratio; L1, Does his/her speaking become noticeably less fluent? L2, Can’t he/she understand words or sentences of others? L3, Is it difficult to express a sentence completely? L4, Does he/she repeat the same words or repeat the words of others? L5, Does he/she speak very little? L6, Does he/she have trouble finding words or names? L7, Does language impairment occur early and much earlier than other symptoms? L8, Does his/her speech reduce pitch range (monotone) and reduced volume (hypophonia)? Any, at least one scale of the language questionnaire was positive.