Table 1.

Descriptions of Cross-sectional Datasets

Dataset	Universe	Sample Size	Time Span	Unit of Observation	Migration Information	Selection Criteria for Analysis
Consumer Credit Panel (CCP)	US resident population with a credit report and social security number	10 million per year	Quarterly from 1999–2019; annual migration measures use location in the first quarter	Individual	Based on previous and current addresses on credit reports.	Prior location determined by linking records with a unique individual identifier. Excludes individuals living in US territories, without a valid birth year, and/or with implied ages above 105.
American Community Survey (ACS)	US resident population	3 million per year	Annually from 2005–2017	Individual	Contains questions on last year’s place of residence and on whether one moved in past year.	Excludes individuals residing in group quarters, who reported living abroad last year, and/or less than one year old.
Current Population Survey (CPS)	US civilian non-institutionalized population	100,000 per year	Annually from 1963–2018a	Individual	Contains question asked in March on whether one moved in past calendar year and whether move was within county, between counties in same state, or between states.	Excludes individuals residing in group quarters, who reported living abroad last year, less than one year old, and/or with imputed migration status.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)	US tax-filing population	Not a sample	Annually from 1990–91 to 2015–16b	State and countyc	Based on previous and current addresses on tax returns.c	Excludes flows from and/or to outside of the United States, including US territories.

Notes:

^aMigration data not available for all years.

^bYears correspond to consecutive tax-filing years; hereafter, we refer to each two-year period by first tax-filing year.

^cOnly aggregated state- and county-level migration data are provided by the IRS.