Table 1. Descriptive statistics for selected characteristics for GALA II and SAGE participants: 2006–2014.
| Puerto Rican | Mexican American | African American | Total Population | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | |||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Number of subjects | 284 | 100 | 783 | 100 | 375 | 100 | 504 | 100 | 432 | 100 | 446 | 100 | 1091 | 100 | 1733 | 100 |
| Males | 150 | 52.8 | 361 | 46.1 | 212 | 56.5 | 210 | 41.7 | 218 | 50.5 | 187 | 41.9 | 580 | 53.2 | 758 | 43.7 |
| Underweight at birth | 32 | 11.3 | 61 | 7.8 | 24 | 6.4 | 35 | 6.9 | 36 | 8.3 | 45 | 10.1 | 92 | 8.4 | 141 | 8.1 |
| In-utero smoke exposure | 14 | 4.9 | 40 | 5.1 | 14 | 3.7 | 9 | 1.8 | 78 | 18.1 | 54 | 12.1 | 106 | 9.7 | 103 | 5.9 |
| Breastfed | 141 | 49.6 | 432 | 55.2 | 285 | 76 | 401 | 79.6 | 262 | 60.6 | 244 | 54.7 | 688 | 63.1 | 1077 | 62.1 |
| Number of older siblings | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 74 | 26.1 | 200 | 25.5 | 132 | 35.2 | 195 | 38.7 | 247 | 57.2 | 208 | 46.6 | 453 | 41.5 | 603 | 34.8 |
| 1 | 92 | 32.4 | 274 | 35 | 138 | 36.8 | 176 | 34.9 | 101 | 23.4 | 132 | 29.6 | 331 | 30.3 | 582 | 33.6 |
| 2 or more | 118 | 41.5 | 309 | 39.5 | 105 | 28 | 133 | 26.4 | 84 | 19.4 | 106 | 23.8 | 307 | 28.1 | 548 | 31.6 |
| Socioeconomic status* | ||||||||||||||||
| High | 89 | 31.3 | 271 | 34.6 | 114 | 30.4 | 116 | 23 | 163 | 37.7 | 160 | 35.9 | 366 | 33.5 | 547 | 31.6 |
| Medium | 51 | 18 | 136 | 17.4 | 79 | 21.1 | 84 | 16.7 | 113 | 26.2 | 137 | 30.7 | 243 | 22.3 | 357 | 20.6 |
| Low | 144 | 50.7 | 376 | 48 | 182 | 48.5 | 304 | 60.3 | 156 | 36.1 | 149 | 33.4 | 482 | 44.2 | 829 | 47.8 |
| Recruitment site | ||||||||||||||||
| Chicago | 18 | 6.3 | 23 | 2.9 | 137 | 36.5 | 180 | 35.7 | - | - | - | - | 155 | 14.2 | 203 | 11.7 |
| Houston | 1 | 0.4 | - | - | 96 | 25.6 | 91 | 18.1 | - | - | - | - | 97 | 8.9 | 91 | 5.3 |
| New York | 27 | 9.5 | 34 | 4.3 | 20 | 5.3 | 64 | 12.7 | - | - | - | - | 47 | 4.3 | 98 | 5.7 |
| San Francisco Bay Area | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 122 | 32.5 | 169 | 33.5 | 432 | 100 | 446 | 100 | 555 | 50.9 | 616 | 35.5 |
| Puerto Rico | 237 | 83.5 | 725 | 92.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 237 | 21.7 | 725 | 41.8 |
| URI | 57 | 20.1 | 35 | 4.5 | 24 | 6.4 | 27 | 5.4 | 67 | 15.5 | 16 | 3.6 | 148 | 13.6 | 78 | 4.5 |
| Pneumonia | 13 | 4.6 | 5 | 0.6 | 20 | 5.3 | 11 | 2.2 | 24 | 5.6 | 14 | 3.1 | 57 | 5.2 | 30 | 1.7 |
| Bronchitis | 36 | 12.7 | 10 | 1.3 | 37 | 9.9 | 10 | 2 | 16 | 3.7 | 6 | 1.3 | 89 | 8.2 | 26 | 1.5 |
| Bronchiolitis/RSV | 31 | 10.9 | 14 | 1.8 | 6 | 1.6 | 4 | 0.8 | 6 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.4 | 43 | 3.9 | 20 | 1.2 |
| Any Listed | 89 | 31.3 | 54 | 6.9 | 75 | 20 | 46 | 9.1 | 98 | 22.7 | 31 | 7 | 262 | 24 | 131 | 7.6 |
*Socioeconomic status was derived from a combination of mother’s education level, health insurance status, and household income weighted by region, see S1 Text for more information.