Table 2. Functional parameters and risk factors and patient-reported outcome measures at baseline and discharge from cardiac rehabilitation (N = 1,262; mean ± standard deviation; n and percentage).
| Parameter | CR admission | CR discharge | SES | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Smoking behaviourǂ (smoker) n = 1,234 | 427 (34.6) | 187 (15.2) | -- | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) n = 1,258 | 128.8±18.5 | 121.6±13.8 | 0.39 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) n = 1,258 | 80.3±11.4 | 75.2±9.1 | 0.44 | <0.001 |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l) n = 981 | 4.6±2.5 | 3.8±2.2 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Physical performance | ||||
| Maximum exercise capacity (Watt) n = 790 | 111.4±37.6 | 130.9±41.5 | 0.52 | <0.001 |
| Endurance training load (Watt) n = 1,204 | 48.6±20.6 | 69.7±26.3 | 1.03 | <0.001 |
| 6-min walking distance (m) n = 812 | 451.8±90.6 | 526.6±90.8 | 0.82 | <0.001 |
| Patient-reported outcome measures | ||||
| Depression (PHQ-9) n = 1,149 | 6.4±4.8 | 4.4±4.0 | 0.43 | <0.001 |
| Heart-focussed anxiety (HAF-17) n = 1,102 | 1.5±0.6 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| HAF-17 heart-focussed fear n = 1,146 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.4±0.7 | 0.27 | <0.001 |
| HAF-17 heart-focussed avoidance n = 1,163 | 1.5±1.0 | 1.0±0.8 | 0.44 | <0.001 |
| HAF-17 heart-focussed attention n = 1,158 | 1.3±0.7 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.02 | 0.308 |
| Quality of life/subjective well-being | ||||
| WHO-5 n = 1,180 | 51.2±25.6 | 69.5±21.1 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
| SF-12 PCS n = 1,072 | 38.9±10.6 | 44.6±9.5 | 0.53 | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS n = 1,072 | 48.2±11.9 | 54.3±8.9 | 0.51 | <0.001 |
| IRES-24 physical health n = 1,173 | 5.8±2.7 | 7.0±2.4 | 0.43 | <0.001 |
| IRES-24 mental health n = 1,190 | 6.4±2.5 | 7.8±2.1 | 0.58 | <0.001 |
| IRES-24 pain n = 1,190 | 6.3±2.6 | 7.3±2.4 | 0.40 | <0.001 |
| General self-efficacy expectations (ASKU) | 4.1±0.7 | 4.1±0.7 | 0.10 | <0.001 |
| Lifestyle change motivation (certain/fairly certain) n = 1,187 | 939 (79.1) | 1037 (87.4) | -- | <0.001 |
| Self-assessed health prognosis (excellent/very good) n = 1,187 | 509 (42.9) | 605 (51.0) | -- | <0.001 |
| Pension desire (yes) n = 1,170 | 205 (17.5) | 182 (15.6) | -- | 0.028 |
| Self-assessed occupational prognosis (negative) n = 1,137 | 463 (40.7) | 507 (44.6) | -- | <0.001 |
‡Patients who quit smoking due to the acute event before subsequent cardiac rehabilitation were classified as smokers upon admission to rehabilitation.
ASKU, Allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeit Kurzskala (short scale for measuring general self-efficacy beliefs); CR, cardiac rehabilitation; HAF-17, Herzangstfragebogen (German version of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire); IRES-24, indicators of rehabilitation status; LDL, low density lipoprotein; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; SES, standardised effect size according Cohen’s d; SF-12, Short-Form health survey with PCS, physical component summary and MCS, mental component summary; WHO-5, World Health Organization well-being index