Table 2.

Intraoperative risk factors associated with development of acute kidney injury.

Increased cardiopulmonary bypass time

Type of procedure:

Valvular surgery vs. CABG vs. valvular surgery and CABG

Off-pump vs. on-pump

Aortic cross-clamping duration

Nephrotoxic drug use:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Angiotensin receptor blockers

Exposure to contrast agents/dyes

Emergency surgery

Renal hypoperfusion

Hypothermia

CABG=coronary artery bypass grafting