Abbreviations, acronyms & symbols
ACE	= Angiotensin-converting enzyme		IL-18	= Interleukin-18
ACEIs	= Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors		KDIGO	= Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes
ACx	= Aortic cross-clamping		KIM-1	= Kidney injury molecule-1
AKI	= Acute kidney injury		L-FABP	= Liver fatty-acid binding protein
AKIN	= Acute Kidney Injury Network		MCPB	= Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass
ANP	= Atrial natriuretic peptide		NAC	= N-acetylcysteine
ARBs	= Angiotensin receptor blockers		NGAL	= Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
BNP	= Brain natriuretic peptide		NMA	= Network meta-analysis
CABG	= Coronary artery bypass grafting		NSAIDs	= Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
CCABs	= Cell-cycle arrest biomarkers		OPCAB	= Off-pump coronary artery bypass
CI	= Confidence interval		OR	= Odds ratio
CI-AKI	= Contrast-induced acute kidney injury		PRBC	= Packed red blood cell
CIN	= Contrast-induced nephropathy		RCT	= Randomised controlled trial
CKD	= Chronic kidney disease		RIFLE	= Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and
CPB	= Cardiopulmonary bypass			End-stage kidney disease
CSA-AKI	= Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury		RIPC	= Remote ischaemic preconditioning
CyC	= Serum cystatin C		ROS	= Reactive oxygen species
EPO	= Erythropoietin		RR	= Risk ratio
FDA	= Food and Drug Administration		RRT	= Renal replacement therapy
GDT	= Goal-directed therapy		SCr	= Serum creatinine
GFR	= Glomerular filtration rate		SIRS	= Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
HES	= Hydroxyethyl starch		suPAR	= Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
ICU	= Intensive care unit		TEA	= Thoracic epidural analgesia
IGFBP7	= Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7		TIMP2	= Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2