Figure 4.

PRR ligands induce modulation of pathways involved in organoid development and immune cell recruitment. Bulk RNA‐seq analysis of LPS‐ and poly(I:C)‐treated organoids revealed regulation of several genes (fold change ≥ ±2 and adj. P‐value ≤ 0.05) (a), lung organoids; (b), intestinal organoids). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA‐seq data shows consistent clustering among the samples (c). Gene ontology analyses on biological process (BP) of the upregulated genes demonstrate that both LPS and poly I:C triggering activated pathways involved in leucocyte chemotaxis as well as pathways involved in embryonic organ development, vasculogenesis and extracellular matrix organisation (d, e).