Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2020 Apr 2;141(18):1463–1476. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045323

Figure 5. Proposed protective effects of apolipoprotein M in heart failure.

Figure 5.

APOM is associated with HDL and binds S1P. S1P signaling enhances cardiomyocyte survival, activates endothelial protective pathways, and is anti-inflammatory. The culmination of these effects may result in improved survival in heart failure. However, whether the relationship between APOM and outcomes is causal remains to be determined.