Table 1.
General Characteristics of PHFS Participants stratified by tertiles of APOM (n=2170)
|
Lowest tertile (n=723) |
Middle tertile (n=724) |
Highest tertile (n=723) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOM (AU) | 614 (547,665) | 804 (761,850) | 1027 (962,1134) | ---- |
| Age (years) | 61.3 (53.2,68.8) | 58.3 (48.1,66.1) | 53.3 (43.6,62.1) | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 525 (72.61%) | 459 (63.40%) | 451 (62.38%) | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 517 (75.58%) | 519 (74.78%) | 544 (77.05%) | 0.6026 |
| African American | 154 (22.51%) | 157 (22.62%) | 149 (21.10%) | 0.7467 |
| Other | 13 (1.90%) | 18 (2.59%) | 13 (1.84%) | 0.5551 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 30.6 (26.2,36.2) | 29.3 (25.2,34.4) | 27.5 (24.1,31.1) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 110 (98,125) | 114 (100,130) | 114 (100,128) | 0.0034 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 68 (60,76) | 70 (62,78) | 70 (62,78) | <0.0001 |
| Ischemic etiology | 317 (44.27%) | 204 (28.33%) | 141 (19.61%) | <0.0001 |
| History of PCI | 223 (30.84%) | 139 (19.20%) | 106 (14.66%) | <0.0001 |
| History of CABG | 194 (26.83%) | 121 (16.71%) | 77 (10.65%) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking | 59 (8.16%) | 64 (8.84%) | 73 (10.10%) | 0.4277 |
| Diabetes | 317 (43.85%) | 194 (26.80%) | 111 (15.35%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 313 (43.29%) | 261 (36.05%) | 207 (28.63%) | <0.0001 |
| History of pacemaker | 61 (8.44%) | 42 (5.80%) | 34 (4.70%) | 0.0111 |
| History of ICD | 162 (22.41%) | 140 (19.34%) | 154 (21.30%) | 0.3487 |
| History of Biventricular pacer | 216 (29.88%) | 173 (23.90%) | 118 (16.32%) | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine | 1.3 (1,1.8) | 1.1 (0.97,1.41) | 1.01 (0.9,1.3) | <0.0001 |
| LV EF (%) | 25 (20,40) | 30 (20,45) | 35 (20,45.8) | 0.0003 |
| EF Category | ||||
| Reduced EF | 507 (82.84%) | 534 (81.65%) | 525 (79.31%) | 0.2555 |
| Recovered EF | 52 (8.50%) | 71 (10.86%) | 80 (12.08%) | 0.1076 |
| Preserved EF | 53 (8.66%) | 49 (7.49%) | 57 (8.61%) | 0.6888 |
| NYHA Class | <0.0001 | |||
| NYHA 1 | 69 (9.69%) | 129 (17.92%) | 176 (24.38%) | |
| NYHA 2 | 343 (48.17%) | 465 (64.58%) | 534 (73.96%) | |
| NYHA 3 | 365 (51.26%) | 349 (48.47%) | 345 (47.78%) | |
| NYHA 4 | 142 (19.94%) | 164 (22.78%) | 195 (27.01%) | |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 345 (100,1040) | 158 (49,530) | 91 (26,283) | <0.0001 |
| Medication Use | ||||
| Beta Blocker | 649 (89.76%) | 649 (89.64%) | 625 (86.45%) | 0.0790 |
| Aspirin | 482 (66.67%) | 412 (56.91%) | 340 (47.03%) | <0.0001 |
| ACEI/ARBs | 597 (82.57%) | 626 (86.46%) | 633 (87.55%) | 0.0182 |
| Hydralazine | 91 (12.59%) | 67 (9.25%) | 25 (3.46%) | <0.0001 |
| Organic Nitrates | 157 (21.72%) | 130 (17.96%) | 56 (7.75%) | <0.0001 |
| Digoxin | 294 (40.66%) | 263 (36.33%) | 217 (30.01%) | 0.0001 |
| Loop diuretic | 598 (82.71%) | 515 (71.13%) | 411 (56.85%) | <0.0001 |
| MRA | 264 (36.51%) | 251 (34.67%) | 224 (30.98%) | 0.0777 |
| Statin | 454 (62.79%) | 379 (52.35%) | 294 (40.66%) | <0.0001 |
| CCBs | 58 (8.02%) | 80 (11.05%) | 62 (8.58%) | 0.1056 |
APOM=apolipoprotein M; ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; CCB: calcium channel blocker; BNP = b-type natriuretic peptide; ICD=Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator; LV EF= left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI=body mass index; NYHA=New York Heart Association; MRA=mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.