Table 3.
Associations of 25OHD concentrations and ASD in the Stockholm Youth Cohort
| Maternal 25OHDa | Neonatal 25OHD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample: Number of exposed cases/odds ratio (95% CI) | Nordicb: Number of exposed cases/odds ratio (95% CI) | Total sample: Number of exposed cases/odds ratio (95% CI) | Nordic: Number of exposed cases/odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| ASD | ||||
| <25 nmol/L 25OHD | 46/1.67 (0.76, 3.67) | – | 676/1.33 (1.01, 1.74) | 421/1.40 (1.04, 1.87) |
| 25–<50 nmol/L | 114/1.19 (0.79, 1.78) | 67/1.58 (1.00, 2.49) | 573/1.11 (0.86, 1.43) | 516/1.13 (0.86, 1.47) |
| ≥50 nmol/L | 289/Reference | 261/Reference | 150/Reference | 142/Reference |
| 25OHD increase of 25 nmol/Lc | 0.84 (0.60, 1.16) | 0.65 (0.43, 0.96) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.02) | 0.86 (0.74, 0.99) |
| ASD without ID | ||||
| <25 nmol/L 25OHD | 14/1.83 (0.64, 5.31) | – | 428/1.44 (1.06, 1.96) | 318/1.48 (1.07, 2.05) |
| 25–<50 nmol/L | 67/1.25 (0.79, 1.97) | 48/1.47 (0.89, 2.44) | 412/1.14 (0.86, 1.52) | 383/1.16 (0.87, 2.05) |
| ≥50 nmol/L | 213/Reference | 197/Reference | 107/Reference | 103/Reference |
| 25OHD increase of 25 nnmol/L | 0.80 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.03) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.04) | 0.85 (0.73, 1.00) |
| ASD with ID | ||||
| <25 nmol/L 25OHD | 32/1.62 (0.59, 4.44) | – | 248/1.08 (0.72, 1.64) | 103/1.15 (0.73, 1.82) |
| 25–< 50 nmol/L | 47/1.25 (0.67, 2.29) | 19/2.35 (1.14, 4.79) | 161/1.00 (0.69, 1.49) | 133/1.00 (0.67, 1.53) |
| ≥50 nmol/L | 76/Reference | 64/Reference | 43/Reference | 39/Reference |
| 25OHD increase of 25 nmol/L | 0.90 (0.54, 1.48) | 0.52 (0.27, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.10) |
Estimates are derived from logistic regression models adjusted for year of birth, sample month, and maternal characteristics: psychiatric disorders, age, body mass index, smoking, nutritional supplement use, and region of origin
aMaternal 25OHD values are estimated from a prediction model that corrects for different gestational ages at sampling
bEstimates for the subset of children born to Nordic mothers are adjusted for all of above except for maternal region of origin
cOdds ratio associated with a linear increase of 25 nmol/L in maternal or neonatal 25OHD