A: The cells were serum-starved and pre-treated with IBMX for 2 hr before fenoldopam (1 μM) or vehicle treatment for 30 min to determine the cAMP response. The data were normalized for protein concentration. B: The hRPTCs were grown under polarized conditions on Transwells® to 100% confluence. The cells were serum-starved and pre-treated with the Na+-K+/ATPase (NKA) inhibitor ouabain for 60 min prior to 30-min fenoldopam treatment. Both treatments were given at the basolateral compartment. Intracellular sodium was measured using sodium green assay and the data were normalized for protein concentration. NT= non-transfected hRPTCs; WT=D1R wild-type transfected hRPTCs; 347A, 351A, and 218S are hRPTCs transfected with the corresponding D1R mutants. *P<0.05, vs. vehicle-treated D1R-WT (Figures 5A and 5B) or NT hRPTCs (Figure 5A), one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak post-hoc test, n=4–5/group.