Supplementary Table 1.
Difference-in-Difference Estimation and Linear Regression Models for National Weekly Cirrhosis Hospitalizations
| Mean national weekly cirrhosis hospitalizations and DiD estimation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean hospitalizations in pre-COVID datesa | Mean hospitalizations in during-COVID datesa | Difference |
|||
| Mean | 95% CI | P value | |||
| 2019 | 472.61 | 494.69 | 22.08 | (−2.47 to 46.63) | .076 |
| 2020 | 408.52 | 271.13 | −137.39 | (−224.56 to −50.22) | <.001 |
| DiD | −159.47 | (−250.03 to −68.90) | .001 | ||
| Linear regression models for national weekly cirrhosis hospitalizations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Base Model |
Base + SIP |
Base + C19 cases |
Base + C19 deaths |
|||||
| Beta | 95% CI | P value | Beta | P value | Beta | P value | Beta | P value | |
| COVID period (≥Feb 29 vs <Feb 29) | 556.15 | (455.75 to 656.55) | <.001 | 544.77 | .003 | 513.54 | .001 | 568.93 | <.001 |
| Calendar week | 6.08 | (2.49 to 14.65) | .147 | 6.11 | .174 | 6.22 | .162 | 6.03 | .176 |
| COVID period x calendar week interaction | −59.59 | (−69.92 to −49.26) | <.001 | −58.53 | .001 | −55.61 | .000 | −60.75 | <.001 |
| Shelter-in-place order | — | — | — | −5.27 | .938 | — | — | — | — |
| Incident COVID-19 cases | — | — | — | — | — | −0.02 | .682 | — | — |
| Incident COVID-19 deaths | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.11 | .875 |
NOTE. All estimates reflect robust standard errors. Dashes indicate that the variable is not part of the model.
CI, confidence interval; C19, COVID-19; DiD, difference in differences.
a
Note that pre-COVID dates are January 1 to February 28, and during-COVID dates are February 29 (or March 1 for 2019) to April 15