Table 1.

Refractive index and pH LS means for Exp1¹

	Betaine concentration2				SE	P values
	0 mM	51 mM	102 mM	205 mM		TRT	Season	TRT × Season
Refractive index, brix score	4.5a	5.1b	5.7c	6.7d	0.03	<0.001	0.014	0.201
pH	6.7a	6.7ab	6.7b	6.7ab	0.004	0.010	0.001	0.009

TRT = treatment concentration of betaine; Season = season study was conducted in (summer vs. winter).

¹ Columns within rows separated by differing letters are different, P < 0.05.

² Concentration of betaine supplemented to commercial semen extender.