Table 1.

Least squares means estimates (±SEM) of semen quality parameters by varicocele status

Semen trait	VAa	VPa
Motility, %	77.78 ± 3.30	77.76 ± 3.55
Progressive motility, %	66.84 ± 3.10	62.36 ± 3.38
Distal droplet, %	6.03 ± 0.22*	7.12 ± 0.31*
Proximal droplet, %	4.89 ± 0.59	5.63 ± 0.55
Bent tail, %	3.75 ± 0.26	3.78 ± 0.29
Concentration, billion/mL	0.12 ± 0.00*	0.09 ± 0.00*
Total sperm per ejaculate, billion	30.92 ± 2.18	26.83 ± 2.19
Head area, square microns	17.63 ± 0.15b	17.22 ± 0.22b
Volume, grams	286.29 ± 14.58	314.89 ± 16.70

^aVaricocele absent (VA) or varicocele present (VP).

^bMeans for VA and VP tended to be different (P = 0.06).

*Means for VA and VP statistically were different (P < 0.05).