Table 1. The general characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux patients in the surgery and medication groups.

Values are presented as number (%).

CCI, Carlson Comorbidity Index; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.

^a)Patients who had a GERD diagnosis and took PPI medication consistently for more than 12 weeks. ^b)Household income levels were based on insurance fees. A low level represents a low household income.