Table 3.
Studies reporting technical accuracy rates for spine surgery with lumbosacral and thoracic pedicle screw placement using robotic guidance.
| Study | Robot type | No. of pedicles | Study design | Instrumented spine | Technical accuracy, at entry (mm) | Angulation error (°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Togawa, 200730 | SpineAssist (Mazor) | 32 | MIS cadaver setup | Lumbar |
1.01 ± 0.64 (axial) 0.96 ± 0.62 (sagittal) |
|
| Czerny, 201531 | iSYS1 (Interventional systems) | 20 | MIS cadaver setup | Thoracic, lumbar |
0.35 (axial) 0.7 (sagittal) |
|
| Fujishiro, 201532 | Renaissance (Mazor) | 216 | Open surgery cadaver setup | Thoracic, lumbosacral |
0.64 ± 0.59 (axial) 0.77 ± 0.62 (sagittal) |
|
| Lefranc, 201533 | ROSA (Medtech) | 38 | MIS cadaver setup | Thoracic, lumbosacral | 2.05 ± 1.2 (2D distance) | |
| Van Dijk, 201534 | SpineAssist (Mazor) | 178 | Retrospective MIS patient cohort | Lumbar | 2.0 ± 1.2 (2D distance) |
2.2 ± 1.7 (axial) 2.9 ± 2.4 (sagittal) |
| Croissant, 201835 | MAXIO (Perfint) | 24 | MIS cadaver setup | Thoracic, lumbar |
1.2 ± 0.9 (axial) 0.5 ± 0.9 (sagittal) |
|
| Jiang, 201836 | ExcelsiusGPS (Globus) | 8 | Retrospective open surgery patient cohort | Lumbar | 3.2 [0.9-5.4] (2D distance) | 2.4 [0.7-3.8] (2D angle) |
| Current study | (Philips) | 113 | MIS cadaver setup | Thoracic and lumbosacral | 0.48 ± 0.44 (axial) 0.68 ± 0.58 (sagittal) | 0.94 ± 0.83 (axial) 0.87 ± 0.82 (sagittal) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: MIS = Minimally invasive surgery.