Table 3.
Factors associated with hyperuricemia (with sex-specific cut-off points).
| Men (n = 85,211) | Women (n = 61,662) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | |
| Obesity | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 3.0 (2.85,3.16) | 2.0 (1.89,2.11) | 2.74 (2.6,2.88) | 2.32 (2.2,2.46) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Smokers | 1.17 (1.1,1.24) | 1.06 (1.02,1.11) | 1.2 (1.15,1.24) | 1.14 (1.06,1.21) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.01 (0.96,1.06) | 0.82 (0.78,0.86) | 1.34 (1.26,1.42) | 1.06 (1,1.13) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.92 (1.82,2.02) | 1.51 (1.45,1.58) | 1.89 (1.82,1.97) | 1.43 (1.36,1.52) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 3.21 (3.03,3.41) | 2.1 (2.01,2.19) | 2.85 (2.74,2.97) | 2.4 (2.28,2.53) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.22 (1.15,1.3) | 1.35 (1.29,1.42) | 1.81 (1.74,1.9) | 0.99 (0.93,1.06) |
| GGT | ||||
| Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Elevated | 2.56 (2.38,2.75) | 2.57 (2.41,2.73) | 3.44 (3.24,3.65) | 2.04 (1.89,2.2) |
OR, logistic analysis was used to calculate odds ratio adjusting for age; OR*, multivariate logistic analysis was used to calculate odds ratio adjusting for age, obesity, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and elevated GGT. Hyperuricemia was defined using sex-specific cut-off points (SUA level ≥420 μmol/L in men, ≥340 μmol/L in women). Obesity was defined according to the WHO definition with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Diabetes mellitus was defined as blood glucose level ≥6.94 mmol/L based on the WHO recommendations. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as triglyceride level ≥2.28 mmol/L. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as total cholesterol level ≥5.18 mmol/L. GGT levels ≥61 U/L for men and ≥36 U/L for women defined elevated GGT. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio adjusted for age; OR*, odds ratio multivariate adjusted.