Table 1.

Inflammatory biomarkers (haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, albumin, and cholesterol), index of liver function (paraoxonase and bilirubin), oxidative stress (ROM and FRAP), creatinine, and liver functionality index in plasma of dairy cows with different dry period lengths (0, 30, 60, or 0 → 30* d) and fed either a glucogenic (G) or a lipogenic (L) ration (LSM ± pooled SEM)

	Dry period length, d					Ration			P †
Item	0	30	60	0 → 30*	SEM	G	L	SEM	D	R	P	W‡	D × R	D × P	D × W	P × R
Cows, n = 110	15	32	44	19		56	54
Haptoglobin, g/L	0.47	0.45	0.46	0.51	0.04	0.49	0.45	0.03	0.65	0.45	0.76	<0.01	0.58	0.65	0.12	0.94
Ceruloplasmin, µmol/L	2.01a	1.75b	1.80b	1.81b	0.09	1.89	1.79	0.06	0.04	0.45	0.15	<0.01	0.42	0.96	0.11	0.30
Albumin, g/L	37.37	36.12	36.09	36.86	0.53	36.21	37.01	0.37	0.20	0.21	0.08	<0.01	0.34	0.04	0.34	0.19
Cholesterol, mmol/L	3.02	2.93	2.65	2.65	0.11	2.75	2.88	0.07	0.13	0.04	<0.01	<0.01	0.71	0.65	0.34	0.26
Bilirubin, µmol/L	0.94a	1.10a	1.14a	1.92b	0.15	1.22	1.33	0.08	<0.01	0.22	0.74	<0.01	0.52	0.99	<0.01	0.21
Paraoxonase, U/mL	46.54	48.05	47.00	51.68	2.76	47.48	49.16	1.94	0.50	0.36	0.08	<0.01	0.08	0.75	0.01	0.64
ROM, mg H2O2/100 mL	16.17a	14.84b	14.79b	15.24ab	0.39	15.52	15.01	0.27	0.01	0.20	0.07	<0.01	0.74	0.46	0.04	0.24
FRAP, μmol/L	156.44	147.76	151.51	148.34	3.15	152.90	149.12	2.39	0.29	0.06	<0.01	<0.01	0.03	0.14	0.62	0.07
Creatinine, µmol/L	106.21ab	103.92ab	98.54a	109.83b	2.13	104.02	105.23	1.39	<0.01	0.61	0.04	0.04	<0.01	0.55	0.32	0.44
Liver functionality index	1.41a	0.38b	0.55b	−0.05b	0.21	−0.22	1.37	0.15	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	NA	<0.01	<0.01	NA	0.02

^a,bValues within dry period length in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

*In the second subsequent lactation, 19 cows, which were planned to have a 0-d dry period, had a milk production of <4 kg/d for at least 30 d before the expected calving date and were allowed to go dry.

^†D = dry period; R = ration; P = parity; NA = not applicable.

^‡Weeks −3, −2, −1, 1, 2, and 4 relative to calving.