TABLE 3.
Estimation of potential annual productivity and production costs of CWDEs obtained from different bio-factories.
| CWDE | Organism | Production method | Annual enzyme productivity t (m3*y)–1 t (ha*y)–1 | Production Cost | Product value | References | |
| € kg DW–1 | U €–1 | ||||||
| Cellulase | T. reesei | SF | 2.6 | 3.82 | ND | LOW-VALUE | Humbird et al., 2011 |
| ND | 9.12 | Klein-Marcuschamer et al., 2011 | |||||
| C. thermocellum | 36.3 | Zhuang et al., 2007 | |||||
| SSF | 14.1 | ||||||
| N. tabacum (recombinant) | C | 1.13* | 14.3* | 0.06x105* | Faè et al., 2017/This review | ||
| 0.32* | 50* | ND | Schmidt et al., 2019/This review | ||||
| 0.81* | 20* | 246x105* | Verma et al., 2010/This review | ||||
| β-glucosidase | N. tabacum (recombinant) | 0.46* | 35* | 73x105* | Castiglia et al., 2016/This review | ||
| E. coli (recombinant) | HDF | 0.88 | 284 | ND | Ferreira et al., 2018 | ||
| Xylanase | N. tabacum (recombinant) | C | 0.12* | 132* | 8.1x105* | Castiglia et al., 2016/This review | |
| A. awamori | SSF | ND | 9.36 | 0.26x105 | Machado de Castro et al., 2010 | ||
| Pectate Lyase | N. tabacum (recombinant) | C | 0.85* | 18.9* | 1.3x105* | Verma et al., 2010/This review | |
| 1.14* | 14.2* | 1.6x105* | |||||
| EWL | G. gallus | hen egg-white | NA | 326* | 21.5x107* | Chiang et al., 1993/This review | |
| HUL | O. sativa (recombinant) | RG | 0.048* | 150* | 133x107* | Huang et al., 2002a,b/This review | |
| EWL | K. lactis (recombinant) | HDF+P | ND | NA | 0.14 x107* | HIGH-VALUE | Huang and Demirci, 2009 |
| egg-white | egg-white + P | NA | 479*+1845 | 3x107* | Wilken and Nikolov, 2011/This review | ||
| HUL | RG | RG + P | 273*+1971 | 8.9x107* | |||
Values reported in the table represent the productivity and production costs of several CWDEs obtained by different biofactories. For data normalization, dry weight (DW) was considered as 10% fresh weight of the tobacco plant biomass. *, values calculated from the available data in the original manuscript. ND, not determined; NA, not applicable. [C, chloroplast expression; EWL, egg-white lysozyme; HDF, high-cell density fermentation; HUL, human lysozyme; P, extraction and purification; RG, rice grains; SF, submerged fermentation; SSF, solid-state fermentation].