Table 3.
Potential biomarkers in liver associated with SIM administration based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS).
| ion mode | RT-Min | Metabolite | Mass | VIP | P-value | Related pathway | Changesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 97.57 | Docosahexaenoic acid | 330.08 | 1.48 | 0.05 | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | ↑ |
| 209.14 | Hypotaurine | 108.02 | 1.80 | 0.01 | Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism | ↑ | |
| 283.25 | Taurine | 124.01 | 1.34 | 0.01 | Primary bile acid biosynthesis | ↑ | |
| 41.523 | Arachidonic Acid | 607.47 | 1.90 | 0.00 | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | ↑ | |
| 344.99 | Glyceric acid | 166.04 | 1.84 | 0.01 | Glycerolipid metabolism | ↑ | |
| 42.817 | Linoleic acid | 279.23 | 1.60 | 0.02 | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | ↑ | |
| Positive | 47.16 | 20-Hydroxyarachidonic acid | 321.24 | 1.67 | 0.01 | – | ↑ |
| 127.58 | Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) | 464.28 | 1.81 | 0.01 | – | ↑ | |
| 200.89 | Chenodeoxyglycocholic acid (CDCA) | 414.30 | 1.08 | 0.04 | – | ↓ | |
| 201.02 | Glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) | 450.32 | 1.12 | 0.04 | – | ↓ | |
| 249.15 | 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) 4-propionic acid | 138.05 | 1.84 | 0.00 | Propanoate metabolism | ↑ |
a
The differential metabolites were determined with the criteria of Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) > 1 in partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) model of multivariate statistical analysis and P < 0.05 in univariate statistical analysis. ↑, ↓ All changes are significant (P < 0.05).