Table 1.
lle215Thr | Gly241Val | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | Family 1 | Family 2 | Family 3 | Family 4 | Family 5 | Family 6 | Family 7 | ||||||||
Patients | Patient IV.2 | Patient V.1 | Patient IV.9 | Patient V.6 | Patient IV.4 | Patient V.3 | Patient II.1 | Patient II.2 | Patient I.1 | Patient II.1 | Patient II.1 | Patient II.1 | Patient II.1 | Patient II.1 | Patient I2 |
Age at last examination (years) | 59 | 28 | 63 | 26 | 67 | 32 | 35 | 65 | 32 | 48 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 80 | |
Onset | Subclinical | Asymptomatic | 50 years | Childhood | 32 years | 35 years | Childhood | Asymptomatic | Asymptomatic | 45 years | Childhood | Adolescence | early adulthood | adulthood | |
Clinical myotonia | Mild eye-lid myotonia | Percussion myotonia | Very mild grip myotonia | Very mild grip myotonia | Paramyotonia in the orbicularis oculi and grip myotonia | No myotonia | Fluctuating grip and percussion myotonia | Percussion myotonia | Lid-lag | Mild grip myotonia | Tongue | No | No | lid-lag, grip myotonia, spontaneous and percussion myotonia of the lower limbs | |
Triggers for myotonia | Absent | Absent | Cold temperature | Cold temperature | Exercise | Pregnancy | Cold temperature | Cold temperature | Cold temperature | Fasting, exercise, rest, stress | cold temperature | ||||
Paradoxical myotonia | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Yes | No | No | Yes | |||||||
Stiffness | Absent | Absent | In the morning | In the morning | Yes | No | Yes | Severe | After exsercise at hands | Yes | lower limbs | mild | |||
EMG | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | No | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | na | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | Myotonic discharges | myotonic discharges | na |
Warm-up | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||
Muscle pain | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | yes, lower limbs | |||||
Muscle weakness | No | No | no | Progressive and diffuse weakness | No | ||||||||||
Contractures | Muscle cramps | Muscle cramps | No | No | No | Contractures + muscle cramps | |||||||||
Hypertrophy | Yes | Diffuse | No | No | Diffuse | no | Hypertrophy of calves | mild | |||||||
CK level (U/L) | 300–500 | 223 | na | 200 | 300 | Normal | Normal | na | Normal | Normal | na | Normal | Normal | normal | normal |
Drugs | Mexiletine | No | No | Mexiletine and clonazepam | Phenytoin, quinine, mexiletine | No | mexiletine, acetazolamide, carbamazepine, phenytoin | ||||||||
Response to drugs | Good response to mexiletine—Worsening of myotonia after statin therapy | Improvement in the frequency, duration and severity of the episodes of stiffness | Phenytoin: not effective quinine: effective, but not tolerated mexiletine: good response | All drugs were not effective | |||||||||||
Biopsy | Mild myopathic abnormalities | Increased fiber size variation, type I fibers atrophy, internal nuclei | Mild myopathic abnormalities - type 2B deficiency | Normal. Increased acid fosfatase activity. | Normal | ||||||||||
Other diseases | Mild ptosis ogival cleft | Diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertrigliceridia | Mutation of gene of MTHFR | Hypothyroidism | Low serum vitamin D |
In grey, the family that does not share the p.Ile215Thr.