TABLE 3.

Results for multilevel models, displaying adjusted odds-ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for social capital and depressive symptoms.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Social capital behavioral dimension
High social capital (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Low social capital	1.51 (1.29–1.76)	1.45 (1.21–1.74)	1.48 (1.23–1.77)
Social capital cognitive dimension
High social capital (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Low social capital	1.82 (1.44–2.29)	1.67 (1.27–2.22)	1.65 (1.25–2.20)
Gender
Male (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Female	1.36 (1.16–1.60)	1.09 (0.90–1.32)	1.10 (0.91–1.33)
Age	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Socioeconomic Status
High (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Low	1.45 (1.24–1.70)	1.32 (1.11–1.58)	1.33 (1.11–1.58)
Self-Rated Health
Good (Ref)		1.00	1.00
Poor/Fair		2.50 (1.94–3.22)	2.49 (1.93–3.21)
Perceived Stress
Low Stress (Ref)		1.00	1.00
High Stress		17.57 (11.33–27.26)	17.65 (11.38–27.39)
Smoking Status
Non-Smoker (Ref)		1.00	1.00
Ever Smoker		1.06 (0.81–1.38)	1.06 (0.82–1.39)
Heavy Episodic drinking
Low-risk drinkers (Ref)		1.00	1.00
High-risk drinkers		0.99 (0.75–1.13)	0.99 (0.80–1.24)
Physical Activity
Low (Ref)		1.00	1.00
Moderate		0.92 (0.75–1.13)	0.92 (0.75–1.13)
High		0.62 (0.49–0.78)	0.62 (0.49–0.79)
Country-Level Characteristics/Contextual Factors
Level of Income
High-income economy (Ref)			1.00
Lower to upper-middle income economy			3.47 (1.43–8.42)
ICC	0.19 (0.09–0.36)	0.22 (0.11–0.41)	0.17 (0.08–0.33)

Adjusted for age, sex and SES; Ref = Reference group.