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. 2020 Apr 29;11:547. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00547

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Copyright © 2020 Kaleağasıoğlu, Ali and Berger

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulators of autophagy Inhibitors of autophagy include Akt-inhibitors (alkylphosphocholines, MK-2206, curcumin, quercetin); AMPK activators (metformin, trehalose, 2-deoxyglucose, devimistat); ERK activators (bortezomib); mTOR-inhibitors (sirolimus, temsirolimus, sorafenib, metformin, vorinostat); mTOR-assembly inhibitors (alkylphosphocholines); ULK1 activators/Beclin releasers (sorafenib, trehalose); BH3-mimetics/BCL-2 inhibitors (obatoclax, gossypol); acetylators/deacetylators/activators of autophagy related (ATG) proteins (spermidine, sorafenib, bortezomib); upregulators of LC3; TFEB/p62 (colchicine, bortezomib); inhibitors of lysosomal acidification (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine); proton pump inhibitors (pantoprazol), and inhibitors of the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes (trehalose).