Table 1.
Composition and nutritional profile of prepartum concentrate or lactation total mixed ration offered to ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir dairy cows
| Item | Prepartum | Lactation |
|---|---|---|
| Composition, % as dry matter basis | ||
| Corn silage | — | 47.8 |
| Ground corn | 33.0 | 26.1 |
| Soybean meal | 38.7 | 23.2 |
| Limestone | 10.7 | — |
| Sodium chloride | 0.650 | — |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 3.83 | — |
| Prepartum mineral mixa | 13.1 | — |
| Lactation mineral mixa | — | 2.61 |
| Urea | — | 0.260 |
| Total intake, kg/d as dry matter basis | 2.91 | Ad libitum |
| Nutritional value,b dry matter basis | ||
| Dry matter, % | 90.5 | 44.3 |
| Neutral detergent fiber, % | 10.0 | 28.7 |
| Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg | 2.71 | 2.58 |
| Crude protein, % | 24.4 | 19.0 |
| Ca, % | 5.81 | 0.80 |
| P, % | 1.18 | 0.56 |
| Mg, % | 0.74 | 0.27 |
| Cl, % | 1.98 | 0.25 |
| K, % | 1.05 | 1.18 |
| Na, % | 0.415 | 0.22 |
| S, % | 0.805 | 0.23 |
| Co, mg/kg | 2.69 | 0.13 |
| Cu, mg/kg | 45.9 | 19.0 |
| I, mg/kg | 1.53 | 0.65 |
| Fe, mg/kg | 1,024 | 101 |
| Mn, mg/kg | 165 | 38.7 |
| Se, mg/kg | 0.795 | 0.46 |
| Zn, mg/kg | 173 | 70.6 |
| Vitamin A, IU/kg | 38,350 | 5,200 |
| Vitamin D, IU/kg | 9,600 | 1,300 |
| Vitamin E, IU/kg | 383 | 26.1 |
| Dietary cation–anion difference,c mEQ/100 g | −61.3 | 20.1 |
aComposition of supplements described by Rodrigues et al. (2018).
bBased on nutritional composition of concentrate ingredients analyzed via wet chemistry procedures by a commercial laboratory (3rlab, Belo Horizonte, Brazil).
cDietary cation–anion difference = [(Na % of DM/0.023) + (K % of DM/0.039)] − [(S % of DM/0.016) + (Cl % of DM/0.0355)].