Table 2. Summary of Major Outcomes.
| Source | Mean length of stay among intervention vs comparator, d | In-hospital mortality among intervention vs comparator, No./total No. (%) | 30 d readmissions among intervention vs comparator, No./total No. (%) | Any medical complication among intervention vs comparator, No./total No. (%) | Costs among intervention vs comparator, US $ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| Zuckerman et al,36 1992 | 23.2 vs 27.7 | NA | 25/431 (5.8) vs 3/60 (5.0) | NA | 162/431 (37.6) vs 39/60 (65.0) | NA |
| Macpherson et al,28 1994 | 19.7 vs 27.2; mean difference, −7.5; 95% CI, −1.9 to −13.1 | NA | 2/79 (2.5) vs 7/86 (8.1) | 3/79 (3.8) vs 3/86 (3.5) | NA | NA |
| Huddleston et al,24 2004 | 5.6 vs 5.7; mean difference, −0.1; 95% CI, −0.5 to 0.2 | NA | 0/232 vs 1/237 (0.4) | NA | 89/232 (38.4) vs 119/237 (50.2) | Mean direct medical costs per patient, 15 373 vs 15 283 |
| Pinzur et al,31 2009 | NA | O/E ratio, 0.693 vs 0.862 | NA | NA | NA | O/E cost of hospital care, 0.684 vs 0.699 |
| Salottolo et al,23 2009 | 4.2 vs 3.6 | 4.1 vs 3.7 | 2/261 (0.8) vs 4/239 (1.7); adjusted OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.07 to 2.26 | NA | 9.8% vs 10.5%; adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.02 | NA |
| Auerbach et al,26 2010 | 5.0 (IQR, 3.8) vs 5.0 (IQR, 3.8)a | Adjusted rate ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.03 | 88/3393 (2.6) vs 104/4203 (2.5); adjusted OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.05 | 192/3393 (5.7) vs 277/4203 (6.6); adjusted OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.05 | NA | 24 533 (IQR, 15 881 to 41 943) vs 23 867 (IQR, 15 133 to 40 966); adjusted rate ratio 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00)a |
| Della Rocca et al,38 2013 | 7.1 (95% CI, 6.3 to 7.9) vs 9.9 (95% CI, 6.4 to 13.3) | NA | 5/115 (4.3) vs 3/31 (9.7) | 16/115 (13.9) vs 6/31 (19.4) | NA | Mean costs per patient, 38 586 (95% CI, 35 210 to 41 963) vs 52 323 (95% CI, 31 641 to 77 006) |
| Montero Ruiz et al,30 2015a | 3.5 (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.2) vs 2.8 (95% CI, 2.2 to 3.4); mean difference, 0.7; 95% CI, −0.2 to 1.7 | Mean adjusted difference, −0.8; 95% CI, −1.6 to −0.1 | 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4% to 2.1%) vs 0.3% (95% CI, 0% to 0.6%) | 3.0% (95% CI, 1.6% to 4.3%) vs 2.8% (95% CI, 1.8% to 3.9%)c | NA | Estimated mean cost savings per hospitalization, €258.40 |
| Montero Ruiz et al,29 2015b | 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) vs 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.1); median difference, –0.3; 95% CI, −0.8 to 0.2a | Mean adjusted difference, −0.5; 95% CI, –1.0 to 0.01 | 0% vs 0% | 4.5% (95% CI, 1.9% to 7.1%) vs 3.2% (95% CI, 1.3% to 5.0%)b | NA | Estimated mean cost savings per hospitalization, €161.50 |
| Iberti et al,27 2016 | 6.1 vs 5.1 | O/E ratio, 0.88 vs 0.83 | 1.00% vs 2.01% | 20.6% vs 21.9% | NA | NA |
| Noticewala et al,25 2016 | 8.2 (SD, 4.1) vs 10.7 (SD, 13.6) | NA | 4/129 (3.1) vs 2/138 (1.4) | NA | NA | NA |
| Rohatgi et al,32 2016 | NA | Propensity score adjusted, 4.6 (SD, 2.2) vs 5.4 (SD, 2.2) | 40/4650 (0.9) vs 173/14156 (1.2)c | 1.9% vs 3.4%; propensity score adjusted, 1.8% vs 3.0%; OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.90 | 8.2% vs 10.1%; propensity score adjusted; 8.0% vs 9.5%; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.95d | Estimated mean cost savings per patient, 2642 to 4303 |
| Soong et al,33 2016 | 11.9 (SD, 13.7) vs 18.2 (SD, 18.4) | NA | 7/331 (2.1) vs 12/240 (5.0) | 20/331 (6.0) vs 11/240 (4.6) | NA | Total mean (SD) hospital costs per hospitalization, CAD $13 755 (CAD $11 899) vs CAD $18 706 (CAD $25 198) |
| Rohatgi et al,37 2018 | 6.3 (SD, 8.3) vs 7.6 (SD, 8.5)c | Adjusted RR for length of stay >5 d, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83 | 5/1062 (0.5) vs 4/938 (0.4)c | 172/1062 (16.1) vs 122/938 (13.0); adjusted RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.64 | 96/1062 (9.0) vs 95/938 (10.1); adjusted RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.24 | Median direct cost of care, −10.3% |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; O/E, observed/expected; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk.
a
Median reported.
b
15-day readmission rate reported.
c
Additional data obtained from author.
d
Outcome defined as patients with more than 1 complication.